Learn to Understand and Pronounce Sabishii

The word sabishii means  lonely, lonesome, desolate, or solitary. Pronunciation: Click here to listen to the audio file. Japanese characters: 㠁•ã  ³Ã£ â€"㠁„ Example: Hanashi aite ga inakute, sabishikatta.è © ±Ã£ â€"ç› ¸Ã¦â€°â€¹Ã£ Å'㠁„㠁 ªÃ£  Ã£  ¦Ã£â‚¬ Ã£ â€¢Ã£  ³Ã£ â€"㠁‹ã  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š Translaiton: I felt lonely having no one to talk to.

Challenges Faced By Entrepreneurs Lower Their Self Confidence

Queen Mary University of London Do challenges faced by entrepreneurs lower their self-confidence and make them more risk-averse in future? RESEARCH Rangana Wijesuriya - 110434304 10/30/2014 Research question: Do challenges faced by entrepreneurs lower their self-confidence and make them more risk-averse in future? Abstract This research discusses on key entrepreneurial traits and aspects. The research study determines whether challenges and obstacles faced by entrepreneurs lower their self-confidence and determines if challenges make them more risk-averse in the future. More comprehensive and detailed study about their self-confidence, risk-taking ability and how these traits have an impact on entrepreneurs’ success are examined. To help the analysis of qualitative research, an entrepreneur was interviewed regarding their perceptions on the research question. The challenges interviewee faced before and after her startup is discussed. -Keywords: Entrepreneurship, successful, self-confidence, challenges According to Oxford Dictionaries, an entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business taking on financial risks in the hope of profit. Also, an entrepreneur is a person with passion who is willing to take a lot of risks and not just someone with big innovative ideas. 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Entrepreneurship is freedom to believe an create wealth, to be able to act on something, seeing as an opportunity , filling a need , while making money in the process .Problems are opportunities for the Entrepreneur .There are characteristics for entrepreneurs such as risk taker , freedom , independent ,leadership , organize , visionary and compulsive. Background For the report the author was also required to demonstrate an ability to undertake critical analysis and takeRead MoreTony Fernandes6380 Words   |  26 Pagesprocess of pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. It provides unparalleled platforms at the regional and global level to highlight and advance leading models of sustainable social innovation. It identifies a select community of social entrepreneurs and engages it in shaping global, regional and industry agendas that improve the state of the world in close collaboration with the other stakeholders of the World Economic Forum. 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Television Studies - Forms and Approaches

Question: Discuss about the Television Studies, Forms and Approaches. Answer: Introduction: Fiction reflects the reality. The life of every human being is possessed with extreme violence, anger and hardships. Women are the brightest example of it. In order to survive in the real world coupled with immense hatred ferociousness, women have to find their own way for surviving their entire life in the realm vulgarity. Sex and the city has always been considered as one of the most recognizable shows that depicts how a women has to face innumerable difficulties in order to make their journey smoother in the society. Feminism is the central perception of this particular show, which is amalgamated with fiction and hypothesis. In order to make a television show attractive and visually effective, fiction is one of the major aspects based on which one particular viewer tends to open up the channel to enjoy the taste of series. Ames and Melissa pointed out that the entire show is endowed with sexual intimation that can truly affect the mind of young generation. On the other hand, Bigne ll and Jonathan mentioned that depicting sexuality and its essence is not the only purpose of broadcasting this particular show. Sex and the city is the story surrounded with three women their journeys of life. An individual woman has to face innumerable difficulties in order to survive in the society. In this particular show, feminism despite being the primary concept conveys some of the substitute messages (Buonanno and Milly 175). The entire story is amalgamated with love, hatred, romance, affection so that viewers do not have to feel monotonous while viewing one by one episode. Season 5 has received most of the popularities from the target audience due to some of its mesmerizing episodes. Spectators could not blink for a while at the time of watching episode number 6. As per the point of view of Oria, Sex and the city would provide the flavor of emotion, joy and anger at the same time. People especially women can relate their own life to the practical field while watching this show. Significance of this series: The message that Oria wants to convey through this particular story is complexity and barriers of human life especially of women. Throughout the entire journey, women have to face innumerable difficulties in order to survive in the world. The entire journey of Carrie and Charlott are the primary concern of this series (Giroux, Henry and Peter McLaren 34). Charlott after managing the entire household activities is very much flexible to spend her sufficient time with her friends. On one hand, she showed her responsibility towards the family members. At the same time, this woman knows how to bring happiness in life. Carrie has been depicted as out an out a confused woman who never can decide the right person for her life. Through the character of Carrie, the author intended to highlight the psychology of every individual woman belonging to the society (Gray, Jonathan and Amanda 123). Miranda plays the role of a lawyer who has to devote a huge time with her clients in order to solve thei r issues. The author by depicting the character of Miranda points out that general problem of the people in the real world. In day-to-day life, people have to face such kinds of barriers. In order to solve the problems of other, this particular individual fails to provide sufficient time to their family. As a result, they have to face numerous questions from their family members. Miranda was so engrossed with her professional life that she failed to devote sufficient time to her family members (Hartley and John 150). As a result, a large distance has already been created between Miranda and her family. Therefore, with the help of an in-depth analysis, the author has depicted the life history of three women from various points of views. Three women have been depicted as the controversial characters that have to struggle immensely in order to survive in the real world. Therefore, Samantha overall plays the role of a woman who always intends to act many controversial activities with the help of w hich the society people tend to raise question. In the age of mid-forty Samantha keeps the beauty of her face and figure. She has never been presented as a mere woman. Samantha is the woman who is very much recognizable to the society as a successful woman (Lewis and Justin 234). Therefore, the entire story is constituted with the upheaval journey of three women who have become a victim to the society in numerous perspectives. Brief Overview of "S05E06" episode: This particular season of Sex and the City depicts the transition from illustrating the life sequences of Parker. These episodes are written after September. However, it is noted that the season has been considered as one of the ridiculous and odd types of confusions that have been surrounding the characters in it. The characters are put into the air of nervousness that is making their regular life more frustrating (Bell 363). Each of the ladies in this episode is shown as the sufferer of several traumas. For example, Carrie has been going through the uncertain mess whereas Charlotte is found to be struggling with divorce. On the other way, Samantha gives a man a second chance, which is apparently misguided. In this season, the viewers have even come across several meaningless situations when Carrie and Samantha catch the train to San Francisco. It was not required to put such sequence in the episode. They should not have taken the train, but they did for the sake of their stressed lives. However, there is the sequence when the romanticism between Charlotte and Harry takes place. This romantic atmosphere was an eye-opening situation for Charlotte, as she got to find the real earth after a long time. She has been spinning around the scattered lifestyles, which turned out to be some madness. The friskiness of Carrie regarding the new relationship and ridiculous nastiness over the new book publication is clearly portrayed in this season. Such publishing of the book creates an air for meta-criticism to define the inconsequential stuffs that have been happening repeatedly. However, in reviewing the 6th episode of season 5, it is noticed that Carrie deals with her past with Aidan. Carrie met Nina Katz, who was the ex partner of Aidan after his break up with Carrie. Charlotte is found to get an efficient lawyer who could help her out to fight against Bunny regarding her apartment. On the other hand, Miranda feels alone when she has to fight to take care of Brady all by herself. It is noted that Samantha returns a vibrator and started spending time with Miranda. Therefore, it is seen that the episode is defining the messy condition of each lady who are associated in this season as the major characters. The air of confusions and nervousness that has created around her is compelling them to move forward with several troublesome situations. It takes greater courage to deal with the past scenario when Carrie decides to confront the current situation. It becomes tough to deal with several messy situations in this particular scenario. However, it is already mentioned that the ridiculed situations and the ineffective sequences have made the episode somewhat weird. The synchronization of the lifestyle of associated women is still remarkable. It clearly portrays the real life situations that are faced by the women in the society (Urios-Aparisi and Manuela 167). Several situations even depict the eye-opening scenario for the women who have been struggling for their irrelevant decisions. However, overall the episode is quite confusing and full of criticisms. It still catches the eyes and hearts of the viewers. In-depth analysis: Carrie is the central character throughout the entire story that plays a major role for entertaining the spectators. She in her own way has narrated the entire story. Carrie being one of the renowned columnists presents the entire description in such a way that people in general can relate them with their personal life. The way of expression was out an out related to the entire real world (Philo, Greg and David Miller 43). In the description of Carrie, the life of three other women has also been narrated. Therefore, the author has narrated a fiction in those particular characters in order to make the series more interesting and trustworthy. In episode number 6 of season 5, the turning of life of both Carrie and Charlott has been depicted beautifully. The problems and the psychological attachment that have been presented in the mouth of Carrie are truly commendable. People in general can easily relate themselves with their own life style. The day-to-day life styles of these three women, their hardships, their ways of facing difficulties are the primary concern of author. The psychological and the sexual attachment that have been presented in this particular series especially in season five is completely praiseworthy. In order to handle the entire critical situation, three women have shown their own skills and competencies (Seiter, Ellen et al. 154). They have never given up in any circumstance. Their presence of mind and their intellectualism helped those women to face the hard situation. Therefore, apart from the female spectators, a large number of male viewers also showed their interest in order to behold this kind of series. The message that has been conveyed to the viewers: Behind making this kind of story, the aim and the objective of the author was not only to present a feminism concept to the audience, but also to depict the real portrait of the society at the-then period. At that specific time, women had been intensely humiliated and dominated with the rules and burdens of male dominated society. Most of the young women intended to keep themselves under curtain (Stringer and Julian 65). At that time, Carrie, Charllott and Samantha are the exceptional who are able to create a brightest example in the then society. On one hand, Charlott is seen to find out the source of happiness by spending the life in her own way. At the same time, she has maintained every responsibility towards her family. Through the depiction of character, the author has conveyed the message that women are versatile. They know how to lead their own life keeping everyone happy and satisfied. In this society, where people have to spend their own life being extremely obedient toward s their family members, Charlott is successful enough to lead their life in own way. On the other hand, by depicting the character of Carrie, the author intends to highlight the fact that human being tends to take most of their impulsive decisions at the young age. Carrie is the brightest example of it. She shows her confusing attitudes at the time of selecting right person for her. This particular mental dilemma is very much common for the young generations. They become confused to choose the right person for them. On the other hand, the role of Miranda has been represented in a very realistic manner. At that particular time, women received their freedom to enjoy the taste of World. Miranda has provided her as a successful lawyer. She became engulfed in satisfying the needs and demands of the clients. As a result, her husband became deprived of her love and affection (Vered, Karen Orr 324). After following the dedication of Miranda for being a successful professional, the women generation at that particular period took immense inspiration from this specific characte r. Conclusion: This particular study deals with the importance of television series for making an inspirational factor to the society in general. Sex and the city is one of the major instant of it. This particular series has provided innumerable popularity in the realm of television industry. The viewers especially women can relate themselves after observing the characters of this particular story. Especially, season five is able to raise more attention in the mind of spectators due to the several reasons. The turning points of life and the way of major decision of these three have been beautifully presented in this particular episode. The three central characters that the author has portrayed in this particular story represent the progress of women industry. Feminism is the central theme of Sex and the city Life. At the same time, the story is not devoid of some of its major effects that can encourage the people in general for watching this series. Love, affection, hatred, hardships, sexual attachment and all those aspects are beautifully presented here. Reference List: Ames, Melissa.Time in Television Narrative: Exploring Temporality in Twenty-First-Century Programming. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2012. Bell, Katherine. "Obvie, We're the Ladies! Postfeminism, privilege, and HBO's newest Girls."Feminist Media Studies13.2 (2013): 363-366. Bignell, Jonathan.An introduction to television studies. Routledge, 2012. Bruzzi, Stella, and Pamela Church Gibson.Fashion Cultures Revisited: Theories, Explorations and Analysis. Routledge, 2013. Buonanno, Milly. "The transatlantic romance of television studies and the tradition of qualityin italian TV drama."The Journal of Popular Television1.2 (2013): 175-189. Giroux, Henry A., and Peter McLaren.Between borders: Pedagogy and the politics of cultural studies. Routledge, 2014. Gray, Jonathan, and Amanda D. Lotz.Television studies. Polity, 2012. Hartley, John.Communication, cultural and media studies: The key concepts. Routledge, 2012. Huesmann, L. Rowell, and Leonard D. Eron.Television and the aggressive child: A cross-national comparison. Routledge, 2013. Lewis, Justin.The ideological octopus: An exploration of television and its audience. Routledge, 2013. Oren, Tasha, and Sharon Shahaf, eds.Global television formats: Understanding television across borders. Routledge, 2013. Philo, Greg, and David Miller, eds.Market killing: What the free market does and what social scientists can do about it. Routledge, 2014. Seiter, Ellen, et al.Remote control: Television, audiences, and cultural power. Routledge, 2013. Stringer, Julian.Movie blockbusters. Routledge, 2013. Urios-Aparisi, Eduardo, and Manuela Wagner. "Prosody of Humor in Sex and the City."Attardo et al., Prosody and Humor(2013): 167-88. Vered, Karen Orr, and Sal Humphreys. "Postfeminist inflections in television studies."Continuum28.2 (2014): 155-163.

Leap of faith free essay sample

A little girl runs fast across the parking lot, vibrant red sneakers slapping the rough pavement. Her sparkling purple barrette, nearly hidden among a shock of black hair, bobs up and down in time with each resilient step. A stream of bubbling laughter trails behind her. She closes her eyes and drinks in the rushing wind that to her sounds exactly like a conch shell pressed tight to her ear. Her small arms stretch the very widest they can go, and she pretends they’re her wings. In the thrill of the moment, she doesn’t notice a slight depression in the asphalt ahead—so insignificant that no grown-up would pay it mind, but the perfect size for a small, five-year-old’s shoe. Her toe catches, and as if in slow motion, the barrette falls from its precarious position atop her head. Her small body tumbles forward, and she opens her eyes to the sight of hard ground only a few inches from her face I stand at the back of the runway, heart pounding as I grasp the pole. I am not content with blending in with the crowd. I am driven to make a difference. I grew up on Beaver Lake, 300 acres of the bluest water imaginable. I sailed, swam, and played on the beach. My more scientific love for water began with the seventh grade science fair. I tested the water in the area watershed for nutrients, pH level, and turbidity and spent time taking samples of water from each body of water, testing the water, and recording results. Before high school, I volunteered for three summers testing the water and gained an appreciation for the lake I took for granted when I was younger. My findings led to professional water testing for algae and precautions to lake residents about swimming in unhealthy water. In tenth grade I wrote a research paper for a chemistry class. By talking to DNR officials and performing research, my knowledge of lake water health and its effect on surrounding life forms expanded. My years at Cornell University will let me plunge even deeper into the water. I look forward to participating in internships and in programs such as the Cornell AguaClara Project. These programs fulfill my desire to learn about the engineering of water resources in real life situations. My experiences traveling outside of the United States will sculpt my problem-solving and entrepreneurial skills and give me an appreciation for others. What matters most to me is the positive impact I can make on the world. Every time I encounter a new challenge, a single image pops into my head: a bell. Its far enough away that if I don’t try hard enough, I will never reach it. It doesn’t matter if the last time I tried I didn’t quite make it, or if I sailed through the air with ease. I am always determined to jump for that bell.

Should America have dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki free essay sample

America’s use of the atomic bomb to attack the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has long remained on of the most controversial decisions of World War II. In my opinion, I think the atomic bomb Truman dropped was immoral but necessary. Although there were other options he could’ve chosen instead of dropping the bombs, I think it was the best option and crucial to ending World War II. Truman was right to drop the bombs because it brought a speedy end to World War II, prevented further civilian casualties, and was the least bad option.The most important reason Truman was right to drop the atomic bomb is because it brought a speedy end to World War II. After the bombs were dropped, Japan surrender shortly after. They surrendered before they entered the war.Truman’s alternative was a campaign of blockade and bombardment, which would have killed millions of Japanese, mostly civilians. We will write a custom essay sample on Should America have dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another thing to bear in mind is that while just over 200,000 people were killed in total by the atomic bombs, it is estimated that 300,00-500,000 Japanese people died or disappeared in Soviet captivity. Had the war continued, that number would have been much higher. The atomic bombs were horrible but using them as the least objectionable choice. A bloody invasion and conventional bombing would have led to a far higher death toll and so the atomic weapons actually saved thousands of American and millions of Japanese lives. The bombs were the best means to bring about unconditional surrender, which is what US leaders wanted.In conclusion, while it wasn’t he most moral or conventional option, dropping the atomic bombs in Japan in World War II was completely necessary. If Truman had not dropped them the war would’ve dragged on longer and hundreds of thousands more people would have been killed. In the long run, the bombs saved more lives.

How to Create Great Images for Your Blog Posts

How to Create Great Images for Your Blog Posts Images for your blog posts  are important for many reasons. They illustrate important points to your readers, make social shares of your posts stand out in the newsfeed, break up text to make the content easier to read, and encourage people to share your post for no other reason than they like the main image. While there are many sources of ready to use images available, you should consider creating unique images on your own. In this post, were going to look at the reasons why you should create your own great images for content and the ways you can do it. Why You Need to Create Your Own Images You might be wondering, since I mentioned that there are many sources of ready to use images already available, why you would want to spend the time creating your own. Here are just a few good reasons. Stock photos are generic and widely used. Anyone can buy and use a stock photo for less than a dollar, which means many images appear on the Internet hundreds, or even thousands of times. If youre goal is to create unique content, why top it off with a generic image? Creative Commons image use can backfire. Many Creative Commons images are licensed specifically for non-commercial use. Non-commercial is open to interpretation by the owner of the image, therefore, if you use their image on a blog owned by a business or a blog that generates revenue, it may be considered commercial usage. People are more like to share images theyve never seen. People who love sharing images on sites like Pinterest are more likely to share yours if its something theyve never seen before that is either useful or simply visually appealing. People are more like to share images theyve never seen. #visualcontent #contentmarketing @kikolaniNow that you know why you should create your own images, lets take a look at how to create them. How to Create Effective Screenshots For those who enjoy creating how-to and tutorial content, screenshots are essential. Free tools like Jing will allow you to not only capture screenshots, but also easily annotate them. Annotations help make your points or instructions crystal clear to readers who need a little visual supplementation. People will not only appreciate your ability to illustrate your points clearly, but youll also get requests from others who want to share your annotated screenshots. Use those requests to get your name in front of new audiences without any additional work. Another great tool for screenshots is FooCapture. You install the extension on Google Chrome and use it to capture screenshots, annotate them, and have them automatically added to your WordPress (WordPress.com or WordPress.org) media library. Premium service plans for this tool is only $6 per month for unlimited connections / WordPress connections. How to Customize Images on Canva For graphically challenged individuals like myself, Canva is a tool that helps you quickly create graphics for your blog content, social media, and presentations. They have templates with built-in images and overlay text that you customize to fit your content. All of the work is done online, and what you create is free, unless you pick a template that uses a stock photo in the background. If youve browsed the blog graphic templates, you might have noticed they all come in one size (800px x 1200px). The key to using Canva is to not limit yourself to the blog graphic templates, even if thats what you are using them for. There is a total of twenty categories of template types, with square and rectangular designs. You might find that the Facebook cover templates are better suited to your posts than the actual blog graphic templates. To further customize your images, use your own background photos, or find stock imagery from other sources. This will easily differentiate your blog graphics from someone elses. When you do choose your own background photo, aim for a similar color pattern and blurring effect, the latter of which you can do using tools mentioned in the upcoming section about using your own photographs. This will ensure the text overlay provided in the template still stands out. How to Generate Infographics Infographics have gotten a bad reputation in the last year due to the influx of low-quality infographics created in order to build links for SEO purposes. They are still some of the most popular types of images to share. So how do you create infographics? First, youll need to start with some interesting data that relates to your products, services, or industry. ShareThis, a popular social sharing plugin, regularly publishes infographics about the social sharing statistics around music festivals, sporting events, holidays, and other trending topics. If you dont have data from your products, you can use public data sources or conduct surveys on your own. Once you have your data, you will want to share it in a visually appealing image, aka the infographic. Tools like Piktochart allow you to create infographics based on pre-built templates or using their drag and drop editor, removing the need for you to be a graphic designer. Similar tools include Infogr.am, Visual.ly, and Easel.ly. How to Use Your Own Photographs If you enjoy photography, then creating your own photos for content is a great way to incorporate your hobby into your marketing. Take your camera everywhere you go to capture images that could be used for future pieces of content. For example, if you write about local marketing, then photos of local businesses would be great literal options. If you like to inject some humor into your content, take photos of things that would be funny. Any opportunity to photograph a scene with words can also come in handy for content. The best part about using your own photography is that you dont have to be a professional photographer with expensive equipment and software to create great photos. You can simply use your smartphone and free apps like Aviary to edit the photos you create, right on your device. You dont have to be a professional photographer to create great photos. @kikolaniFor those who do have a digital camera, you can do simple editing work (such as cropping your images) in free programs like Gimp. For those who want to do more advanced editing, such as adjusting brightness, contrast, color balance, saturation, clarity, and built-in presets, there is Adobe Lightroom. It has lots of great features for photo editing without the complexity of Photoshop. Best of all, thanks to the Adobe Creative Cloud, if you do want Photoshop, you pay a monthly access fee as opposed to hundreds of dollars up front. For example, you can take Photoshop and Lightroom for a 30-day free trial, and then pay for $9.99 per month. How to Create Memes Speaking of using your own photography, if youre a fan of memes, you can create your own with your photographs. Start by going to the all famous Cheezburger site and click on the Create link at the top right. To add a simple caption, choose the Add a caption option. Upload your photo, and then select it to add some captions. The result? Your own meme! Captions can help you turn almost any image into one that is relevant to the piece of content you are writing. The best part is people love them! I created one for a post a while back using a photo of my newest adopted family member a sweet little black and white kitten. It resulted in a lot of pins.

Descartes discourse on the method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Descartes discourse on the method - Essay Example From there, he reaches the point that as he could prove his existence from the fact that he is thinking and that this â€Å"I† or his mind is totally different from the body. Thus, he reaches the finding that this â€Å"I† will exist even without a body (Descartes, 2007). However, Descartes (2007) faces the dilemma that he has to adopt very distinct perceptions as factors leading to truth. Though it is possible to claim that things like sky, earth, light, and heat are all the delusions of an imperfect mind, it is not possible for an imperfect mind to develop the idea of a perfect God. Descartes points out that it is not possible to receive ones existence from nothing, and hence, there is a perfect Being upon whom he is dependent. Thus, Descartes reaches the conclusion that all the perfections in him and other beings are from God’s perfection. One reaches the realization that Descartes is going to deviate from the claim that in order to prove ones existence, one should accept it as coming from a perfect Being, that is

Entering the Out of Home Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entering the Out of Home Market - Case Study Example However, one must remember no matter how revolutionary or unique a product is, it is not an assurance that it will be successful when offered to the buying public especially if it is competing with lower-priced, strategically marketed and well managed products. Nonetheless, there is a high probability that MagicADs can gain an advantage since this technology has already been successful in the South East Asia market garnering the advertising projects of industry giants such as Sony Ericsson, Diageo, Coca-Cola, Adidas, Swatch and Unilever. This, together with a pipeline of innovative / unique products at various stages of development can give the advertising firm an edge in the 'Out of home' advertising sector. MagiqADs will still need to verify this claim by conducting an intensive feasibility study- one which does not only identify the competitors and market segments but also specifies the financial and technical requirements of the project. I assume this will be conducted as this the standard operating procedure especially for large scale marketing. Perhaps what MagiqADs can do is to launch a test run of its product and evaluate the response of the 'spectators' of the advertising medium.

See the dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

See the dis - Essay Example Those affected have their health state affected and boosting their activity by making their bones strong and health (47). Unhealthy feeling contributes to mental disturbance especially when the disease seems to fall out of hand. From my perspective, this selection is critical from the so far dangers associated with osteoporosis. Notably, this realization will go a long way in reducing the number of dependants, increasing per capita, and the general GDP. Alongside healing the disease and making the affected healthy, economic boost should be seen as a reason for customers to buy. This is of value since economic progress is key to every country especially when the progress has health backing. Health nation means a wealthy nation. To a potential employer, providing me with employment will play a critical role in contributing to the already realized company’s success. Of importance, realization of a product that seeks to heal a controversial disease means that as the product gets known to the public, the company’s reputation is promoted. The potential employer must understand that the company will get global with the product. Additionally, chances of other realizations are extremely high meaning that the growth of such a company is

Chinese Managers Leadership Style

Chinese Managers Leadership Style 3.1 Introduction Among various choices of research methodologies, this study draws on a framework within the qualitative research paradigm. The study takes an interpretive approach and adopts a data collection design of participant interviews. The purpose of this section is to introduce the underpinning philosophical arguments regarding methodological consideration and to justify the appropriateness of qualitative design to the context of this study. Supportive theories for this choice as well as the sampling methods, data collection methods, arrangements for interviews and the relevant research considerations will be addressed. In order to link the methodological choices with the study purpose, research questions will also be reiterated. 3.2Research questions The purpose of qualitative research is to describe, explore, and explain phenomena being studied (Marshall and Rossman, 1999). Qualitative research questions, therefore, often take the form of what, how and why, and are more concerned with the process rather than the outcome. As this study is to explore how Chinese culture, specifically Confucius philosophical doctrines have shaped Chinese leadership style, as well as how Western theories have exerted a profound influence on Chinese leadership in modern Chinese society, the research questions of this study go as follows: What are the main characteristics of Chinese managers leadership style in Public Sector in Tianjin? Given the above, to what extent does Chinese culture, particularly Guanxi affect and shape Chinese leadership style? In this day and age, how is leadership in China influenced by Western leadership models? What are the implications that Chinese leadership styles present for the future practice? As a result, the research methodology was selected and employed to explore the development of the topic to answer the above questions. 3.3 Methodological choice 3.3.1 Interpretive research tradition Among the three research traditions, i.e. Positivism and Postpositivism, Interpretive Research, and Critical Postmodernism (Gephart, 2004), Interpretive Research is generally considered the most appealingly applied by a significant number of researchers. This study takes an interpretive approach to understand the Chinese managers leadership style as perceived by their Qualitative research can be either interpretive or positive depending on the philosophical assumptions taken by the researcher. According to Schwandt (2000), qualitative research is a diverse term covering an array of techniques seeking to describe, decode, translate, and somehow come to terms with the meaning, rather than the measurement or frequency of phenomena in the social world. Interpretive research is a more specific term. Interpretive studies assume that people create and associate their own subjective and intersubjective meanings as they interact with the world around them. With regards to the epistemology, interpertivsts recognize that the way they make sense of the world is shaped by their goals, culture and experience (Creswell, 2003; Weber, 2004). Reality is viewed as socially constructed and cannot be objectively determined (Easterby- Smith et al., 1991). The foundation assumption for interpretive research is that knowledge is gained, or at least filtered, through soci al constructions such as language, consciousness, and shared meanings. In addition to the emphasis on the socially constructed nature of reality, interpretive research acknowledges the intimate relationship between the researcher and what is being explored, and the situational constraints shaping this process. Interpretivists believe that the researcher and the researched are interdependent and affect each other in their interactions (Gephart, 2004; Weber, 2004). Walsham (1995) indicates that interpretive research attempts to understand phenomena through the meanings that people assign to them. It does not predefine dependent and independent variables. Nor does it set out to test hypotheses, but rather aims to produce an understanding of the social context of the phenomenon and the process whereby the phenomenon influences and is influenced by the social context. 3.3.2 Qualitative study Within the field of social research there have been opposing views on how the social world can be or should be understood. Traditionally the positivist paradigm has been related to quantitative research techniques, scientific measurement and empirical findings (Silverman, 2000). However, recently research methodology is considered as a continuum between quantitative and qualitative designs with the approach adopted based on an ability to answer or add knowledge to a particular issue (Creswell, 2003; Miller and Brewer, 2003). According to Creswell (1994), a qualitative study is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting. Although a quantitative research method was useful in studying statistical differences among variables and factors for proofing assumptions, its limitation was the inability to fully reveal the underlying meanings people associated with particular activities or social process (Esterberg, 2002). In favor of this argument, Silverman (1997) further extends that quantitative research may overlook the social and cultural construction of variables as well as the attitudes and meanings behind the variables. Qualitative studies, though perceived to be complex, time-intensive, and sometimes fraught with methodological challenges, can be the richest of studies, often illuminating complex phenomena in radically new ways (Conger, 1998). They are responsible for paradigm shifts, insights into the role of context, and longitudinal perspectives that other methods often fall to capture (Isabella, 1990; Mintzberg, 1973; Roberts and Bradley, 1988). Qualitative research may take on different traditions or assumptions such as phenomenology, hermeneutics and ethnography. However, Mason (1996) indicates that there are three common elements that bind qualitative research strategies together: Qualitative research takes an interpretive position in relation to understanding interactions within a multi-layered social world; Data generation is flexible and sensitive to the social context in which data is produced; Data analysis that use explanation building which involve understanding the relevant complexity, detail and content of the subject matter. (Mason, 1996:4) Such an argument provides a strong theoretical foundation for this study regarding the interaction between managers and their subordinates in Public Sector in China. As a result, having considered these arguments, qualitative methodology would be useful in exploring the meanings and perspectives in this dissertation, because it permits an exploration of participants concepts of Chinese leadership, the interpretation of cultural effects on Chinese leadership style and the complexity of issues that contribute to the subject. 3.3.3 Qualitative leadership studies It has been widely held that qualitative research in the social sciences plays an important part only in the exploratory phases of a research. At this stage, the researcher knows about the subject he/she is to investigate, and his/her hypotheses are purely speculative. Once the researchers understanding gradually becomes well-defined, quantitative analysis can follow to refine and validate the hypotheses generated by the previous qualitative research. However, Conger (1998) challenged this assumption by arguing that in reality, qualitative research must play an important role on matter at what stage in the investigation of leadership topics. The main reason, he points out, is the extreme and enduring complexity of the leadership phenomenon itself. Since leadership involves multiple levels of phenomena, possesses a dynamic character, and has a symbolic component, quantitative methods, which are largely based on surveys in the leadership field, tend to focus on a single level of analysis such as behavioral dimensions (Yukl, 1994), and in turn overlook the organizational and environmental factors (Conger, 1998). Therefore, they are insufficient to investigate thoroughly phenomena as complex as leadership. In addition, other scholars have drawn limitations and narrowness of the investigation frame of quantitative analysis in the leadership study. For example, Phillips (1973) argues that quantitative surveys are usually influenced by social desirability concerns of respondents and only reflects behavior attitudes rather than actual observed behavior. Lantis (1987) also articulates that quantitative analysis is unable to measure interactions, which is a critical element of leadership. Qualitative methods, as proposed by Conger (1998), when properly employed, may render leadership studies distinct advantages over quantitative methods: First, more room to explore leadership in depth (Bryman, 1992); Second, the flexibility to detect unexpected phenomena during the research; Third, more opportunities to sense the contextual factors; Fourth, more effective to investigate symbolic dimensions (Morgan and Smircich, 1980). It is based on all these arguments, that this study adopts a qualitative method, trying to put into full play the advantages that qualitative method possesses in studying the Chinese leadership style in Public Sectors. 3.4 Interviews 3.4.1 Interviews as a qualitative method Based on the methodological discussions, interview was chosen as the most appropriate method of data collection for the research at hand. This method is the most frequently used qualitative method and recommended in situations where a detailed understanding of complicated behavior is sought and where detailed probing of the respondent is anticipated. Kvale and Birnkmann (2009) emphasize a qualitative research interview as a professional conversation focusing on an alternation, which occurs on the personal interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee around a particular issue or range of topics and on the descriptive data conducted through that interaction. Unstructured interviews 3.4.2 Semi-structured interviews In this study, semi-structured interviews were applied as a research tool. Semi-structured interviews form an important part of qualitative research (Cassell and Symon, 2004). In semi-structured interviews, the interviewer designs a general structure by deciding in advance what ground is to be covered and what questions are to be asked. This leaves the detailed structure to be worked out during the interview. The interviewee is given considerable freedom to express his/her views on his/her own words. This results in them raising issues and topic that the researcher may not have thought about as important for the study (Banister and Booth, 2005). The interviewer can respond using prompts, and follow-up questions to encourage the interviewee to clarify or expand on their answers. He/She can also react via facial expression and body language. This would allow the interviewer to innovate and give the interview a direction (King, 2004) and get explanatory answers for questions about peoples behavior and opinions (Saunders et al, 2003; Banister and Booth, 2005). This is one of the strengths of this kind of interviews. In summary, semi-structured interviews provide the opportunity for the researcher to probe deeply to uncover new clues, open up new dimensions of a problem and to secure vivid, accurate inclusive accounts that are based on personal experienced (Easterby-Smith et al., 2002). In semi-structured interviews, the application of probing is one of the most significant techniques. Probing centers on assisting the interviewee in continuing to speak his/her mind by the interviewer posing questions fully and relevantly (Cooper and Schinder, 2000). Patton (1990) identifies three types of probing techniques, namely detail-oriented probes, elaboration probes, and clarification probes. In this study, the elaboration probe is employed to encourage the interviewee to express more feelings (Patton, 1990). The interviewer took the initiative and encouraged the interviewee by supplementing questions like What makes you think so?; Can you give some examples?; Can you tell me more about this? etc. For semi-structured interviews, basic structures and frameworks are necessary. Before conducting the interviews, boundaries were drawn with pertinence to the research questions and research objectives. In turn, boundaries and framework also provide reference for the judgment of data to be obtained. Without boundaries and framework, the discussion can go on different track and become too general (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000). With boundaries set to the interview, the interviewer can not only maintain the exploratory principles through the use of major topic themes within the questions but also had sufficient flexibility to extend the boundaries of the original theme or to vary the sequence and emphasis of the questions (Corbetta, 2003;Kvale, 1996; Miller and Brewer, 2003). 3.4.3 Framing the interview questions Framing the questions for the interview is very important. The questions allow respondents to quantify individual experiences and convey the results or answers that are expected from the research (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000; Easterby-Smith et al., 2002). Silverman (2001) and King (2004) suggest that research questions should not reflect the researchers own presuppositions or biases. Saunder et al. (2003) also stress that the questions framed should not be leading or suggesting a restricted set of answers. The interview questions in this study include a series of open-ended questions (Appendix). This is because open-ended questions provide the opportunity to gather an authentic understanding of peoples experience (Silverman, 1999). Moreover, they also allow the interview respondents to talk freely and explain their understanding on Chinese leadership style and Chinese and Western cultural effects on framing such kind of leadership style. As discussed above, discussion on these questions may move beyond the research boundaries, therefore sub-questions have been framed to direct the discussion in the required directions. 3.5 Sampling Sampling for qualitative research seeks to provide explanations of attitudes and behavior rather than quantify their extent in the population. According to National Centre for Social Research (2002), qualitative samples should not be as large as survey samples or to be statistically representative. Rather, qualitative samples should be selected purposively to encompass the range and diversity present in the target population. Miles and Huberman (1994) also assert that qualitative researchers should work with small samples of people, bound by specific contexts, and studied in depth. In this study, unstructured interviews were conducted individually with five senior managers from five organizations of the Public Sector in Tianjin, as well as semi-structured interviews were employed seven subordinates of these managers. Therefore the sample size of the study is twelve. Additionally, nonprobability sampling, a non-random and subjective sampling method (Cooper and Schindler, 1999) is used for this research. Different from random sampling, this method allowed the interviewer to choose sample members as she wished or wherever she could find them. Another concept related to nonprobability sampling is judgment sampling. As one kind of nonprobability samplings, judgment sampling is used to select sample members to conform to some criterion (Cooper and Schindler, 2000). With the application of judgment sampling, people who work as managers in Public Sector in Tianjin were selected for main target samples, and their subordinates for sub-target samples. Since the study is to investigate the general perception of the leadership style in Public Sector in Tianjin, the sampling frame of this study is the public in general who work in different managerial levels in Public Sector in Tianjin. 3.6 Data collection 3.6.1 Data collection procedure The data collected for this dissertation has been obtained from a combination of both secondary and primary sources. The secondary data include a selection of variety of books, journals and articles. The primary data were gathered from a series of unstructured and semi-structured interviews. In total, 12 interviews were undertaken with interviewees form 5 organizations in Public Sector in Tianjin (Appendix). These multiple sources of data allowed the researchers to address a broader range of historical, attitudinal, and observation issues (Yin, 1989). Furthermore, multiple sources of evidences provided multiple perspectives of the same phenomenon. Participants in this study ranged from general staff to senior managers. The judgment sampling method employed here correlates with one of the approaches described by Mason (1996) in that it seeks to provide a detailed view of particular units; not with any intent to act in a representative way of the wider population but to generate theory that may be applied or evaluated within a broader context. Five senior managers form different organizations are researchers relatives. The close relationship, therefore, contributed to both fulfillment of the interviews and the in-depth exploration of the research. In addition, seven subordinates work with five managers respectively. Subordinates perception of their managers characteristics could enrich the performance of the research. As a result, this elicited 12 interviews that formed the database of this study. The five organizations from which 12 interviewees stemmed cover the following five sectors: Economy and Trade Commission Justice Bureau Department of Cultural Affairs Urban Planning Bureau Public Primary School Interviews were undertaken in June and July 2010. Among the 12 interviews, five with senior managers were conducted in their houses or the researchers house, and each interview lasted 40 minutes around. Others 7 were taped in interviewees offices, lasting 20-30 minutes respectively. Moreover, interviews were conducted in the interviewees native language (Chinese) so that the subject was able to express their ideas fully. All the interviews took place in a private and quiet environment with only the interviewer and interviewee present. All participants were made fully aware of the details of the study. The schedules were directly and respectively sent to all participants ahead of the interviews so as to confirm the researchers intent to record the interview via audiotape and to introduce the arrangements related to confidentiality. All participants consented to the using of the tape recorder during the interviews. Such pre-interview communication proved important, because on the one hand, it allowed the participants enough time to get into the purpose and questions of the interview; on the other hand, it played an essential role in requesting informed consents (Kvale and Birnkmann, 2009) from the participants, assuring them of safety, showing respect to their dignity, rights, and well-being. Especially when conducting qualitative research with sensitive topics, such ethical issues need to be a concern of the researcher (Malhotra, 2004), since there is much closer interaction between the interviewer and the individual examined (King, 2004) and usually more personal or sensitive information is shared. Therefore, the researcher had the responsibility to care for the rights and needs of the respondents (Kvale and Birnkmann, 2009). All this also supported the development of trust in the interaction of the interviewee with the interviewer to ensure that they would be as truthful and open about their experiences and feelings as possible (Easterby-Smith et al., 1999) 3.6.2 Data analysis As is typical in qualitative research (Creswell, 1994), data analysis proceeded in tandem with data collection. The interview transcripts served as the basis for the data analysis. After a general sense of the information gathered through reading the transcripts several times (Creswell, 2003), coding of the data was used to analyze the interviews. Coding is defined as the formal process of selecting all the usable material from the complete data collected (Fisher, 2004). To code the data, it would be useful to identify clear themes at the initial stage. Hence, themes that consistently emerged in the interviews were identified and the material was divided into chunks and allocated to the themes (Creswell, 2003; Fisher, 2004). This approach to data analysis has the advantage as it is flexible and can be adapted to the needs of the study while it still forces the researcher to take a well-structured approach to analyzing the data, which assists in creating a clear and organized account of the findings. Therefore, after the transcription of the interview data from the audiotapes, the data analysis was categorized into four theme sections. The process of coding and analyzing data was ongoing and continued throughout the formulation of the subsequent chapters. Therefore, codes remained open to modification until the end of the study and were modified and developed as the analysis proceeded (Fisher, 2004). In the analysis process, the method of direct quotations was used to illustrate informants responses precisely. Additionally, examples of contradicting arguments of the interviewees were included to ensure a balanced account of the data gathered. This enhanced the validity and authenticity of the research (Creswell, 2003; Spiggle, 1994). The presentation of the findings is structured around the main themes identified. Care was taken not to drift towards generalizations but keep in mind the individual experiences from which these themes were developed (Creswell, 2003; King, 2004). 3.7Limitations Undertaking any form of research regardless of methodology or study design takes the author on a journey that is often challenging and frustrating. A potential major weakness of the research method employed in this study could be the problem of bias. Bell and Opie (1999) suggested that interview as a qualitative method is highly subjective technique and therefore there is always the danger of bias. This is true because there is a strong possibility that interviewees might choose not to reveal all issues related to the research questions due to feelings of embarrassment or a lack of knowledge on the topic and confusion etc. The researcher may tend to seek out answers that support preconceived notions. This may not be deliberate but may arise due to the classification of information and the flow of analytical thinking. Such a bias may limit the scope of the available data in relation to the study themes (Miller and Brewer, 2003) and greatly influence the reliability of the data collected. However, as Gavron (1966) suggested, awareness of the problem plus constant self-control can help alleviate the degree of bias. Another challenge that this study was facing is the transcribing of data. Since all interviews were conducted in Chinese, transcribing from the record in the audiotape into English written words may easily involve errors. This may occur due to the misunderstanding or mishearing of respondents words or ignoring the emotionally loaded intonations. Moreover, the language barrier constitutes another problem. Although the researcher tried her best to maintain the authenticity and reliability of the data, the slangs, jargons, colloquial expressions and established phrases in one language may not be possibly given a parallel in another language. Therefore, all that the researcher could do was to try to avoid any interventions and misunderstandings during the interview and repeated respondents key points in front of the respondents so as to ensure that interviewees opinions were fully and accurately understood by the researcher.

A Smoother Transition for Transexuals Essays -- Transexual Surgery

A Smoother Transition for Transexuals Known to many as the last hurdle transsexuals have to face before they can gain access to sex reassignment surgery, the Real life experience (RLE), sometimes called real life test (RLT), is a process where the subject lives in their preferred gender role for a certain amount of time. Despite how many transsexuals see the RLE as an opportunity to match their outer appearance with their inner feelings, they sometimes overlook the challenges they may face before getting what they want. The expenses of buying a whole new lifestyle, the emotional drainage they are likely to face, and the periods of physical pain in hormonal change and cosmetic surgery are main issues that sometimes go unnoticed by those considering the RLE. The time spent as their preferred gender is expected to demonstrate that they can function in the preferred role. [1] Since 1979, the RLE has been part of the Standards of Care developed by the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA). Standards of Care created its sixth version in 1998 to further share the most current thinking of professionals of gender identity disorders [2]. The test is said to have originated from a 1974 pamphlet created by Reed Erickson, a wealthy female-to-male transsexual with the help of his personal doctor, James Lorio. Lorio suggested that Erickson undergo a six month to two year â€Å"trial† period as a male, thus developing the idea of the RLE [3]. The purpose of RLE, as believed by many clinicians, is necessary to prevent regret after surgery. HBIGDA is trying to balance the risks of achieving surgery too early in the transition process and the risks of delaying needed treatment. In the beginning, the HBIGDA Standa... ... liberating for some transgender individuals, many fail to consider other factors that come before reaching this goal. From the costly expenses such as a new wardrobe and surgery, to facing physical and mental pain, many look towards gaining the end result rather than regarding the steps to getting there. However, because of the RLE they find out early on if going through with the transformation is worth their time, money, and sacrifice. WORKS CITED: Websites 1) http://www.trans-health.com//displayarticle.php?aid=80 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_life_experience 3) http://vch.eduhealth.ca/pdfs/GA/GA.100.R229.pdf 4) http://wpath.org/Documents2/socv6.pdf Newspaper Articles 5) http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E6DF133EF930A2575AC0A96E958260&sec=health&spon 6) http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/04/fashion/04WORK.html?emc=eta1

McCarthyism and the Red Scare Essay

Have you ever had that moment in your life when you thought to yourself, â€Å"Why would he do that, or why would that happen?† Well, that is just what many people thought about McCartyism and the Red scare after that time period had passed. The Red Scare was a point in time when many Americans believed that the uprising of communism would be among them. These waves of the Red Scare happened twice, once after World War One, and the second time, which was more significant, after World War Two. During this time period many people were extremely afraid of communism, so the ideals of McCarthyism rose up. McCartyism was named after Joseph McCarthy, who was the Senator of Wisconsin at the time. Joseph McCarthy’s actions, as well as The House Un-American Activities Committee, and Congress were not justified. It was breaking people’s Constitutional rights, ruining many peoples lives and careers, and because they interrogated hundreds and thousands of people who didn†™t even believe that communism should exist in our country. One of the main reasons to prove that the actions during the Red Scare weren’t justified was because it broke people constitutional rights. During a speech Senator Margaret Smith of Maine said this inspiring quote, â€Å"The right to criticize; The right to hold unpopular beliefs; The right to protest; the right of independent thought.† Now, to some this might just look like a list of rights an American has. But to many, this is an inspiring quote of the things great about America and the things that McCarthy, Congress, and the HUAAC attacked. This shows that McCarthyism broke many of the rights that they as Americans had and deserved to keep. Another important reason why the actions of McCarthyism weren’t justified was that they ruined many people’s lives and careers. One group collected and published the names of people in the world of the arts and entertainment thought to be un-American in their politics (Picture seen in back). The most famous victims were able to successfully fight off such attacks, but Red Channels, radio stations, weren’t destroyed for many years. Red Channels reported on possible Communists and they faked information in order to keep their stations alive. These Channels ruined and/or harmed many people’s  careers. The last major reason why all this was not justified is because they interrogated hundreds and thousands of innocent people who didn’t even believe that communism should exist in our country. Refusal to cooperate with the HUAAC could ruin careers. If a witness refused to testify about past political associations, relying on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the witness would be cited for contempt of Congress. The government would then prosecute the witness for criminal contempt of Congress. Some people were convicted and sent to federal prison for several years. Mcartyism was not justified because it broke many constitutional rights, ruined people’s careers, and led to a state of panic throughout America. So next time your in a situation where you dont know what to do or what to say. Think about how it will affect others, not just yourself.

Computer Hackers Essays - Computing, Human Behavior, Culture

Computer Hackers.txt Essays - Computing, Human Behavior, Culture Computer Hackers The meaning of Hacker is one who accesses a computer which is supposably not able to be accessed to non authorised people of the community. Hackers may use any type of system to access this information depending on what they intend on doing in the system. Methods Hackers may use a variety of ways to hack into a system. First if the hacker is experienced and smart the hacker will use telnet to access a shell on another machine so that the risk of getting caught is lower than doing it using their own system. Ways in which the hacker will break into the system are: 1) Guess/cracking passwords. This is where the hacker takes guesses at the password or has a crack program to crack the password protecting the system. 2) Finding back doors is another way in which the hacker may get access to the system. This is where the hacker tries to find flaws in the system they are trying to enter. 3) One other way in which a hacker may try to get into a system is by using a program called a WORM. This program is specially programmed to suit the need of the user. This programme continually tries to connect to a machine at over 100 times a second until eventually the system lets in and the worm executes its program. The program could be anything from getting password files to deleting files depending on what it has been programmed to do. Protection The only way that you or a company can stop a Hacker is by not having your computer connected to the net. This is the only sure fire way in which you can stop a hacker entering your system. This is mainly because hackers use a phone line to access the system. If it is possible for one person to access the system then it is possible for a hacker to gain access to the system. One of the main problems is that major companies need to be networked and accessible over the net so that employees can do overdue work or so that people can look up things on that company. Also major companies network their offices so that they can access data from different positions. One way which is used to try to prevent hackers gaining access is a program used by companies called a Firewall. A Firewall is a program which stops other connections from different servers to the firewall server. This is very effective in stopping hackers entering the system. Tho this is not a fool proof way of stopping hackers as it can be broken and hackers can get in. Tho this is a very good way of protecting your system on the InterNet. Major Hacks Some of the major hacks that have been committed have been done by young teens aged between 14 and 18. These computer geniuses as they are known have expert knowledge on what they are doing and also know the consequences. Tho the consequences do not really enter there mind when they are doing it. This hack occurred on February 10, 1997, and again on February 14, 1997 Portuguese hackers launched a political attack on the web page of the Indonesian government, focusing on that country's continued oppression of East Timor. The attack was online for about 3 hours from 7.00 PM to 10.00 PM (Portuguese Time) at the web site of the Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. The hackers did not delete or change anything. The said We just hack pages. Another major hack that occurred was on April 1 1981 by a single user. This hacker who was situated in an east coast brokage house was interested in the stock market. SO he purchased $100,000 worth of shares in the stock market. Then he hacked into the stock markets main computers and stole $80 million dollars. The hacker was eventually caught although $53 million dollars was not recovered. On Wednesday, March 5 1997 The home page of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's was recently hacked and the contents changed. The group known as H4G1S. This group of hackers managed to change the contents of the webpage The hacking group changed the webpage and left a little

Investigation Completion and Analysis Essays

Investigation Completion and Analysis Essays Investigation Completion and Analysis Paper Investigation Completion and Analysis Paper Vaporization is a procedure where liquid is converted to vapor with the intent of dividing it from a dissolved solid or from a liquid that is higher in boiling point in experiments or probes on how to divide soluble solid in liquids ( Holland. 2005 ) . Vaporization technique was chosen for the experiment because it is easy and simple to put to death compared to other methods of separation such as distillment. 2. Distillation Distillation is an fact-finding technique used in separation of mixtures based on conditional and differences required to alter the constituents stages of the mixture. It can be applied in a mixture of liquids. and the mixture of soluble solutes and dissolvers like in this experiment. During the distillment procedure. the H2O is heated into the gas stage of the vapour go forthing the salts sedimentations. so condenses back into liquid signifier that is so collected. The procedure is so repeated once more to better the H2O pureness ( Porteous. 2010 ) . This method was obtained because pure H2O can be obtained 3. Crystallization This technique is a procedure of solid crystals formation from a solution. This technique is a technique of dividing solids and liquids in which transportation of solute from a solution to a solid crystalline which pure occurs ( Jones. 2002 ) . This method was chosen because pure solutes can be obtained. Alterations made. and justification for the alterations 1. In vaporization. I applied some heat from fires to the containers keeping solution of H2O and salt. I applied the heat to increase the rate of vaporization alternatively of go forthing it unfastened in the air and under the sunlight that is slow. 2. I used ice in the capacitor to distill maximal sum of vapour. Furthermore. I re-distilled the condensed H2O to acquire maximal dissolved salts once more. 3. In crystallisation. I left the crystallisation procedure to continue easy undisturbed alternatively of fast chilling. This was to forestall drosss from acquiring attached to the salts and besides to acquire bigger crystals. Wayss to guarantee the truth To guarantee truth. I ensured that the same sum of dissolver and solution was used in the three experiments. Furthermore. an equal sum of clip was applied on all the experiments to acquire accurate consequences. Last. I ensured that the salts and the H2O had no drosss that could impact their boiling points. Wayss to guarantee dependability Dependability in the techniques was determined by the experiments bring forthing consistent consequences. To guarantee dependability. I started with the vaporization method which the consequences were salt and H2O. distillment and crystallisation besides produced consistent consequences of salt and H2O. Ways to guarantee cogency Validity indicates the extent to which the applied technique in the separation procedure separated the constituents it was intended to divide. To guarantee the cogency. I ensured that salt and H2O which were the constituents of the solution that was to be separated were the terminal merchandises. The procedure requires a batch of heat energy which might be expensive. However. solar heat is slow and evaporates little measures of the solution. The method is suited in state of affairss where salt is the lone merchandise needed. However. aggregation of H2O vapour is difficultDistillation The distillment procedure desalinate H2O removes unsafe heavy metals like quicksilver. arsenic and lead. and the soluble salts that harden the H2O such as Mg. Ca and phosphoric. Therefore. it is preferred for distillment of imbibing H2O. However. this procedure is uneffective in separation of soluble salts that has lower boiling points than H2O such as man-made chemicals. chlorine solutions. weedkillers and pesticides ( Porteous. 2010 ) . Furthermore. it requires big beginning of heat which is dearly-won. Last. the distillment procedure strips H2O its natural hint elements ; hence the H composing in H2O additions and makes H2O acidic ( Porteous. 2010 ) . Crystallization The procedure is complex compared to the vaporization method. It is besides unsuitable where H2O is to be collected as an terminal merchandise. However. it is advantageous since pure salts can be obtained for use ( Jones. 2002 ) . B ) Suggestions of possible betterments Alternate beginnings of heat could be used such as the usage of solar energy to cut down high costs incurred in the vaporization and distillment procedure. Despite the fact that solar energy can non bring forth a high sum of energy needed to heat the big sum of the solution for a longer continuance of clip. it is the best cost-wise. Given that some dissolved salts have lower boiling points than the H2O hence hard to divide them from H2O. the boiling point of H2O can be lowered by take downing the gas force per unit area above the liquid. The distillment procedure strips H2O its natural hint elements. hence doing H2O to be acidic due to increased proportion of H. To avoid H2O being acidic. good salts can be added into the H2O for human ingestion such as Ca that is good in formation of castanetss. Mentions Holland. C. D. ( 2005 ) . Fundamentalss and mold of separation procedures: soaking up. distillment. vaporization. and extraction. Englewood Cliffs. N. J: Prentice-Hall. Jones. A. G. ( 2002 ) . Crystallization procedure systems. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Porteous. A. ( 2010 ) . Saline H2O distillment processes. London: Longman. 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Is a Computer playing chess using 'brute force' unbeatable Essay

Is a Computer playing chess using 'brute force' unbeatable - Essay Example The computer intelligence and cognition is simply based on the several moves that are stored in its memory. It goes through all the possible moves and chooses the one with the best probability (Razmov V (2010)). The brute force method also tended to have a non evaluative advantage over and above the chess master Garry Kasporov. Human mind cannot record and evaluate all the possible moves in a given situation as it doesn’t have that much retaining capacity. However, after Garry Kasporov defeated the chess player Deep Blue, they refused for a re-match because they feared that Garry had understood their algorithm codes and approaches (Feng-Hsiung, H., 2006, p. 51). They did not want the world to believe that Deep Blue actually has no cognitive power or intelligence except for its highly fast processing power. Thus, the brute force method does not use any artificial intelligence or cognitive powers; it simply is a fast processing and evaluating method used by the computer chess player. It thus looks possible and realistic as Garry Kaporov was able to break the code of the computer and win against it. Chess News (no date)  Nettavisen: We have tested the worlds best chess program  [Online]. Available at:  http://en.chessbase.com/post/nettavisen-we-have-tested-the-world-s-best-che-program  (Accessed on 10

Prime Time TV Show - Greys Anatomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prime Time TV Show - Greys Anatomy - Assignment Example The basic ideology present in Grey’s Anatomy is a pro-feminist approach. The female doctors outnumber the male doctors nearly in all seasons. The major feminist character of the show is Miranda Bailey played by Chandra Wilson. She is portrayed as a strong and a dedicated doctor who is in one episode doubts her ability as a doctor so in another decides to build a free clinic. (Nicole). Also, the show avoids all stereotype issues especially since it has placed many of the black and Asian doctors in a respectable position in the show (Pierce). Clothes have been used as a symbol to show everybody’s position and personality in the hospital. While all the hospitals have one coloured uniform for every employee, in Grey’s Anatomy the situation is quite different. The interns wear light blue while surgical attending wears dark blue, doctors in nursery wear purple and OB-GYN wear pink while all the nurses wear light green which doesn’t bring them out in the mainstream as they rarely play any major role. Apart from this in several places food has been used as a symbol to identify the relationship status. For instance, Meredith doesn’t eat at Thanksgiving because of her troubled relationship with Derek and Izzy bakes excessively each time she is upset. While Grey’s anatomy enjoys appraisal by many it is also criticized for being a non-reality show. When questioned by doctors they laugh at the show saying an intern having a relationship with an attending is almost impossible and the part where Izzie puts her patient into danger by cutting the wire connected to his heart to make him sicker so he ends up having a heart transplant is a bit farfetched. Especially when the patient dies and Izzie doesn’t even get terminated. Another reality which was highly miss-presented was when Meredith rises from the death and ten seconds later starts talking to Derek (Frey).   Some of the popular Grey’s Anatomy sponsors were DatingDirect.com and Alpen bar, Weetabix's cereal snack and Volkswagen Polo.     

Finance and Growth Strategies -MBA- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Finance and Growth Strategies -MBA- - Essay Example In a market where there is faultless information and perfect sureness, company share valuation would create not so many hassles, however, in the real world, assessment and projection issues connive to make the valuation process easier said than done. One recommendation is the employment of earnings approaches that take advantage of a firm’s net after-tax earnings at a suitable rate of return. In utilising an earnings-based method, at least three elements need to be established. The evaluator has to make an educated guess as to the amount and timing of future receipts and a suitable discount rate. An option to the employment of net after-tax earnings is to base the analysis on earnings before interest and taxes (Feldman 2005; Pratt, Reilly and Schweits 2000; Pratt 1986). This procedure is fashionable and well accepted among leverage buyout groups and investors because it permits them to reach a value that defuse differences in financial structure. Essentially, substantial debate enfolds the choice of the discount rate used to get the most out of earnings or cash flows. This price stands for both the time value of money and the â€Å"risk† involved in cash flows. As it is, the capital asset pricing model is a universally employed method. Nonetheless, speculative issues linked to the postulations of the appropriate market proxy, risk-free rate, and sample period have led valuation experts to reflect on different ways to work out an appropriate discount rate. Substitutes can include the application of historical market risk premiums and the employment of indices available from government or private sources (Koeplin, Sarin and Shapiro 2000, pp. 94-101; Brealey and Myers 1991; Weiss 1987). Several valuation schemes acknowledge the fact that when purchasing a business enterprise, a buyer is actually making a speculative venture today hoping for

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Essay Audi LED headlights Audi is a top of the line luxury car manufacturing company who plans to achieve goals and provide consumers with one of kind products. Audi has decided to create a new LED head light with spot detection capabilities to assist with consumer safety while driving in the city, as well as down country roads. Audi has assessed the need for their new product and has found that the new LED headlights with spot detection would be great for the consumer as well as the company sales. Through past research by Audis team we have found that several accidents within the United stated States occurred due to poor head lights or blinding head lights. Though Audis current venture is geared towards consumer’s with families who travel at least 100 miles a week, their game plan is to incorporate this light into all vehicles. We will address the areas of target population, product position against the competitions, as well as each stage of the product life cycle and our expansion of product offerings. Audi focuses on people (Idea Connection, 2014). This new innovation of LED head lights will do just that; focus on people. Audi will utilize the family and let them be the guide behind the quality and performance of this new offering (Idea Connection, 2014). Target market profile At Audi, we came up with this new headlight technology that is designed to make night driving safer. The target market for our product is composed of couples with children under the age of 15. Among these families, the focus will be on those who drive SUVs’, Minivans and Sedans. The target audience will be based around those parents who drive their kids to extracurricular activities like piano lessons or soccer, and who live either deep in the  country or outside of the city. One submarket will be those who live within the city and like to travel outside the city. These headlights are best suited for people who drive over 100 miles a day. In terms of income, we will target individuals with a college degree who make more than one hundred thousand dollars per year. Our product will also aim at corporations who offer company vehicle for their senior executives. Key buying behaviors Three factors influence consumers buying behaviors, those factors are cultural, social and personal (Kotler Keller, 2012). In terms of culture, individuals during the course of their life will be influenced by family, friends, neighbors, and others. Our consumers are individuals whose family members are accustomed to luxury cars, preferably Audis’. Cultural factors influencing buying behavior in terms of culture are also social classes. Our consumers will be individuals belonging to the upper class of society. For these individuals owning a luxury car with the latest technology is a statement. On the social level of consumers buying behaviors, our target market will be influenced by factors such as reference groups, family, and social roles and statuses (Kotler Keller, 2012). Our consumers will be influenced by family members, for instance a mother will most likely want her children to ride safely in a minivan, or SUV. A businessman will buy an Audi sedan because it is a luxury car and it tell others what social class he belongs to. Our target consumers are influenced by membership groups. One example is an individual who buys a luxury car to blend in with others in hos social circle who also own luxury cars. â€Å"Personal characteristics that influence a buyer’s decision include age and stage in the life cycle, occupation and economic circumstances, personality and self- concept, and lifestyle and values.† (Kotler Keller, 2012, p.155). Our consumers will be men and women, 30 years old or older. The target customers are also educated and very thoughtful as they carefully weigh the benefits of purchasing such a product (Rao, 2014). We believe that as mothers and wives, our consumers will be focused on safety. There have been a lot of plane crashes lately, because of that more and more people decide to drive instead of fly. Corporations will be concerned with profit. Corporations will see great benefit in Audi as it relates to the new LED head lights. The thought of safety will both save the company money, attract eager and loyal employees,  as well as give a strong impression on both competitors and new clients. Decision motivators for consumer/organizational target markets The primary decision motivators for buying the new headlights on the Audi car are the enhanced safety features of the product. Since the primary feature of the new headlights leads to secure driving, it will appeal to almost all consumers. On the other hand, the organizational target markets will entail the demographics of the urban areas. Geographic target markets will target the individuals who live in the urban areas that have developed infrastructures (Novak, De Leeuw MacEvoy, 2011). Product life-cycle (PLC) LED headlights continue to develop short and long-term strategies in the product life-cycle. The first of four stages is the introduction into the market; customer-value hierarchy is vital during the introduction stage, which identifies the core benefit of the product and creates a detailed description of the basic product. The augmented product value stage must surpass the customer yearning for safety and technology. In addition, marketers will incorporate future potential product growth. The product design can be incorporated into any Audi vehicle during the manufacturing process. The LED headlight will be an upgrade option, and pricing will be slightly higher than Audis without the LED headlight. A strong customer-value hierarchy strategy will enhance product promotion, and the place to launch the LED headlight will be a joint effort with Audi Automotive. During the initial growth phase, pricing will remain slightly higher than Audis without the LED headlight. Based on the lesson learned during the introduction of the LED headlight, the customer-value hierarchy strategy will adjust to meet customer expectations. Product promotion will continue to expand into new markets. The maturity phase begins when the LED headlight implementation reaches market equilibrium; pricing will remain the same during this phase. If the product continues to exceed customer-value hierarchy strategy, the product promotion will continue with the addition of customer and law enforcement reviews. Research and development continues to improve the LED headlight technology. The decline phase begins when market followers enter the market; pricing will then be slightly reduced in an attempt to slow the rate of decline. Product promotion will then be redirected to the new and improved LED headlight. Promotions and places to  launch the new product will be nationwide rather than regional launches during the introduction phase. Product mix A Product Mix is referred to as â€Å"the complete range of products produced by a company.† (http://businesscasestudies.co.u). That being said, Audi plans to unleash its new LED headlights in all of its product lines, which will appeal to the varying types of drivers who have a plethora of different needs and wants in a luxury vehicle. Audi produces a multitude of options for consumers to choose from. These products include 13 sedan options that range from $29,900 to $137,900, six SUV/Crossover/Wagon options that span from $32,500-$51,900, six Coupe options ranging from $40,000-$115,900, and seven Convertible options that span from $35,600-$129,400. (http://www.audiusa.com). With 32 available products that can be altered to match the driver’s particular style, the LED headlight is poised to grant the ultimate driving experience. â€Å"Audi revolutionized vehicle lighting with the first full-LED headlamps in 2008.† (http://www.audileds.com). Audi responded to the automobile industry’s need to change how vehicle headlights affect road conditions for all drivers. Audi continues to enhance its LED design, which is sure to darken its competitors’ vision of the future of automobile driving experience and further differentiating itself by not only enhancing driving conditions, but will be made available in a variety of options. â€Å"Only one square millimeter in size and offered on every vehicle in the lineup, LEDs have opened up an array of styling opportunities for Audi designers.† (http://www.audileds.com). Audi adds that â€Å"these little marvels can be combined to create infinite shapes and arrangements, giving each vehicle a look that’s distinct yet unmistakably Audi.† (http://www.audileds.com). Positioning statement â€Å"For you that spend hours behind the wheel, Audi is one in its luxury class that provides not just the looks of a high end vehicle but the safest lighting for safe traveling. Unlike traditional vehicles Audi provides a combination of class, luxury, and the safest selection to keep you and loved ones safe†. Audi is not only committed to provide its consumers with top  notch service but it has also taken measures to separate itself from the competition. Audi is improving all of its vehicles by providing â€Å"LED lighting† on all its vehicles as part of its standard package. Audi’s positioning statement carries words such as â€Å"luxury, safe, traveling, family† which will always come to mind for those searching for a vehicle to purchase. Audi’s statement is targeting families, those that travel a lot, those that enjoy the luxury of a vehicle but at the same time want to keep themselves and loved ones safe. The consumers spoke and Audi listened. Their position statement is meaningful, important, and convincing to its customers, not just to the company. The Audi brand will deliver on this promise and continue to earn the trust and respect from consumers. References Anonymous. Staying ahead by meeting changing consumer needs. Business Case Studies: A Heinz case study. Retrieved August 2, 2014 from http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/heinz /staying-ahead-by-meeting-changing-consumer-needs/the-product-mix.html#axzz39FCRkOTR Defeat Darkness. LED technology:The vision of LED;View the LED experience. Retrieved August 2, 2014 from http://www.audileds.com/ Idea connection (2014). Audi looks to the future of car production. http://www.ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-success/Audi-Looks-to-the-Future-of-Car-Production-00392.html Retrieved August 1, 2014 Kotler, P., Keller, K. (2012). Marketing Management (14th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Models. Retrieved August 2, 2014 from http://www.audiusa.com/models# Novak, T. P., DeLeeuw, J., MacEvoy, B. (2011). Richness curves for evaluating market segmentation. Department of Statistics, UCLA.

molecular structure :: essays research papers

Molecular Structure Lab Objective: For this experiment we took two different molecule and virtually dissected them finding everything about them including: bond length, bond angles, the charge on each atom, the non bonded distances between atoms and the energy difference between the highest and lowest molecular orbital. Procedure: The procedure is to use HyperChem Lite to get the information needed from each molecule. But explained in full on page 16 and 17 in the lab manual. Data: The following data was found about CH4 (methane). †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bond length from Carbon to all four Hydrogen atom was the same measurement that came to be about 1.113Ã… †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only are the lengths between all the Hydrogen atoms to the Carbon atoms the same so are the angles between the hydrogen atoms, all coming out to be about 109.47 °. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The non-bonded distances between all the parts of the molecule are 1.818Ã…. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The charge on the Carbon atom is -.143 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the hydrogen atoms have the same charge being .036 The following data was collected by HyperChem Lite for C2H5OH (ethanol). †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All the distances between bonded Carbon and Hydrogen atoms were 1.115Ã…. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The distance of the bonded oxygen (3) to hydrogen (9) was .942Ã…. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The distance between bonded Carbon (1) to Oxygen (3) was 1.40Ã…. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bond angle 5,1,4 was 109.8 ° †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bond angle 3,1,2 was 108.9 ° †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bond angle 6,2,8 was 107.9 ° †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The smallest non-bonded distance was between atoms 9 (hydrogen) and 6 (hydrogen) it was 4.067Ã…. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The largest distance between two atoms was from 6 to 8 1.802Ã…. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The charge on the Carbon atoms were: Carbon 1=.466, and Carbon 2=-.076 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hydrogen charges were as follows: Hydrogen’s 4,5=-.004, 6=.021, 7,8=.020, and the charge of hydrogen 9=.447 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And lastly the charge on the oxygen atom was -.891 Calculations: Formulas used in the lab†¦ E = hv = hc/ 1 ev = 1.6022E-19 Joules E is the energy difference between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO). h = Plank’s constant = 6.63E-34 Js c = speed of light = 3.00E8 m/s formal charge = number of valence electrons – (# of unshared electrons + # of bonds) Volume of an ellipsoid is V = /6 (a + 1Ã…)(b+1Ã…)(c+1Ã…) = xÃ…3 A,b,and c are the skeletal lengths of the molecule. CH4 E = (-15.51ev)-(-24.49ev) = 8.98ev = 1.44E-18 J  = hc/E = (6.63E-34 Js)(3.00E8 m/s)/(1.44E-18 J) = 1.38E-7 m = 138nm The wavelength of CH4 is 138nm and this resides in the ultra-violet spectrum and is not visible to the naked eye. Formal charge of Carbon = 4-(0+4) = 0 Formal Charge of Hydrogen’s = 1-(0+1) = 0

Global Outsourcing of American Products and Services Essay -- Globaliz

Global Outsourcing of American Products and Services   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Global outsourcing of American products and services is a trend that is becoming increasingly popular with large corporations. For the same services provided in the United States, corporations are finding quality work in other countries for a fraction of the cost. The country currently at the forefront of this trend is India. This paper will discuss companies that outsource business to foreign countries and also why they are chose to. The ethical implications to both countries in these situations will also be discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many corporations are experiencing significant cost savings by outsourcing work to developing countries across the globe. Some advantages of global outsourcing are: technically skilled, inexpensive labor; multi-lingual workforce; potential 24/7 global tech support; global prestige; local market access advantages; lower duties and tariffs; low cost delivery; and after sales service. (http://www.wsa1.org) â€Å"Developing nations†¦benefit by providing local viable careers for their educated populations, attracting foreign investments in their infrastructure, and a general increase in the standard of living.† (http://cseserv.engr.scu.edu) These advantages make a strong case for outsourcing, but there are many disadvantages that are being discounted or overlooked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some disadvantages noted by corporations are: political risk; loss of quality control over manufacturing, brand, and support; misrepresentation of the company; IPR concerns; brand management; channel conflict (gray market, territory); stricter labor laws; bribery and kickback pressure; and productivity. (http://www.wsa1.org) There is also the possibility of a negative impact to the American job market. Issues surrounding this impact to our job market are not frequently mentioned during discussions about whether or not to send business overseas. Finally, there are many ethical questions and dilemmas involved with these decisions. These ethical dilemmas affect individuals in America as well as those in the overseas countries. In spite of these disadvantages, many major corporations have decided to outsource to foreign countries, indicating that the advantages are worth the risk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several corporations have already experience... ...e Web. Call Center India (November 19, 2003); More U.S. Jobs, especially in Call Centers, headed for India, http://callcenterinindia.blogspot.com/ Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Ranjit Shastri (October 6, 2003); An Overview of India’s Call Center Industry, http://www.tmcnet.com/tmcnet/articles/2003/100603rs.htm Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Ronil Hira (October 20, 2003); Testimony to the Committee on Small Business, http://www.ieeeusa.org/forum/POLICY/2003/102003.html Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Nicholson & Sahay (November, 2001); Some political and cultural issues in the globilisation of software development: case experience from Britain and India, http://les1.man.ac.uk/accounting/Staff/Academic/B_Nicholson/I&Opapernicholson_sahay.pdf Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. CIO.com (June 5, 2003); Global Outsourcing and L-1 Visas, http://comment.cio.com/ Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Walter Williams (2003); Minimum Wage Tip-Off, http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20031114-081940-9148r.htm Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web.