Should America have dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki free essay sample

America’s use of the atomic bomb to attack the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has long remained on of the most controversial decisions of World War II. In my opinion, I think the atomic bomb Truman dropped was immoral but necessary. Although there were other options he could’ve chosen instead of dropping the bombs, I think it was the best option and crucial to ending World War II. Truman was right to drop the bombs because it brought a speedy end to World War II, prevented further civilian casualties, and was the least bad option.The most important reason Truman was right to drop the atomic bomb is because it brought a speedy end to World War II. After the bombs were dropped, Japan surrender shortly after. They surrendered before they entered the war.Truman’s alternative was a campaign of blockade and bombardment, which would have killed millions of Japanese, mostly civilians. We will write a custom essay sample on Should America have dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another thing to bear in mind is that while just over 200,000 people were killed in total by the atomic bombs, it is estimated that 300,00-500,000 Japanese people died or disappeared in Soviet captivity. Had the war continued, that number would have been much higher. The atomic bombs were horrible but using them as the least objectionable choice. A bloody invasion and conventional bombing would have led to a far higher death toll and so the atomic weapons actually saved thousands of American and millions of Japanese lives. The bombs were the best means to bring about unconditional surrender, which is what US leaders wanted.In conclusion, while it wasn’t he most moral or conventional option, dropping the atomic bombs in Japan in World War II was completely necessary. If Truman had not dropped them the war would’ve dragged on longer and hundreds of thousands more people would have been killed. In the long run, the bombs saved more lives.

How to Create Great Images for Your Blog Posts

How to Create Great Images for Your Blog Posts Images for your blog posts  are important for many reasons. They illustrate important points to your readers, make social shares of your posts stand out in the newsfeed, break up text to make the content easier to read, and encourage people to share your post for no other reason than they like the main image. While there are many sources of ready to use images available, you should consider creating unique images on your own. In this post, were going to look at the reasons why you should create your own great images for content and the ways you can do it. Why You Need to Create Your Own Images You might be wondering, since I mentioned that there are many sources of ready to use images already available, why you would want to spend the time creating your own. Here are just a few good reasons. Stock photos are generic and widely used. Anyone can buy and use a stock photo for less than a dollar, which means many images appear on the Internet hundreds, or even thousands of times. If youre goal is to create unique content, why top it off with a generic image? Creative Commons image use can backfire. Many Creative Commons images are licensed specifically for non-commercial use. Non-commercial is open to interpretation by the owner of the image, therefore, if you use their image on a blog owned by a business or a blog that generates revenue, it may be considered commercial usage. People are more like to share images theyve never seen. People who love sharing images on sites like Pinterest are more likely to share yours if its something theyve never seen before that is either useful or simply visually appealing. People are more like to share images theyve never seen. #visualcontent #contentmarketing @kikolaniNow that you know why you should create your own images, lets take a look at how to create them. How to Create Effective Screenshots For those who enjoy creating how-to and tutorial content, screenshots are essential. Free tools like Jing will allow you to not only capture screenshots, but also easily annotate them. Annotations help make your points or instructions crystal clear to readers who need a little visual supplementation. People will not only appreciate your ability to illustrate your points clearly, but youll also get requests from others who want to share your annotated screenshots. Use those requests to get your name in front of new audiences without any additional work. Another great tool for screenshots is FooCapture. You install the extension on Google Chrome and use it to capture screenshots, annotate them, and have them automatically added to your WordPress (WordPress.com or WordPress.org) media library. Premium service plans for this tool is only $6 per month for unlimited connections / WordPress connections. How to Customize Images on Canva For graphically challenged individuals like myself, Canva is a tool that helps you quickly create graphics for your blog content, social media, and presentations. They have templates with built-in images and overlay text that you customize to fit your content. All of the work is done online, and what you create is free, unless you pick a template that uses a stock photo in the background. If youve browsed the blog graphic templates, you might have noticed they all come in one size (800px x 1200px). The key to using Canva is to not limit yourself to the blog graphic templates, even if thats what you are using them for. There is a total of twenty categories of template types, with square and rectangular designs. You might find that the Facebook cover templates are better suited to your posts than the actual blog graphic templates. To further customize your images, use your own background photos, or find stock imagery from other sources. This will easily differentiate your blog graphics from someone elses. When you do choose your own background photo, aim for a similar color pattern and blurring effect, the latter of which you can do using tools mentioned in the upcoming section about using your own photographs. This will ensure the text overlay provided in the template still stands out. How to Generate Infographics Infographics have gotten a bad reputation in the last year due to the influx of low-quality infographics created in order to build links for SEO purposes. They are still some of the most popular types of images to share. So how do you create infographics? First, youll need to start with some interesting data that relates to your products, services, or industry. ShareThis, a popular social sharing plugin, regularly publishes infographics about the social sharing statistics around music festivals, sporting events, holidays, and other trending topics. If you dont have data from your products, you can use public data sources or conduct surveys on your own. Once you have your data, you will want to share it in a visually appealing image, aka the infographic. Tools like Piktochart allow you to create infographics based on pre-built templates or using their drag and drop editor, removing the need for you to be a graphic designer. Similar tools include Infogr.am, Visual.ly, and Easel.ly. How to Use Your Own Photographs If you enjoy photography, then creating your own photos for content is a great way to incorporate your hobby into your marketing. Take your camera everywhere you go to capture images that could be used for future pieces of content. For example, if you write about local marketing, then photos of local businesses would be great literal options. If you like to inject some humor into your content, take photos of things that would be funny. Any opportunity to photograph a scene with words can also come in handy for content. The best part about using your own photography is that you dont have to be a professional photographer with expensive equipment and software to create great photos. You can simply use your smartphone and free apps like Aviary to edit the photos you create, right on your device. You dont have to be a professional photographer to create great photos. @kikolaniFor those who do have a digital camera, you can do simple editing work (such as cropping your images) in free programs like Gimp. For those who want to do more advanced editing, such as adjusting brightness, contrast, color balance, saturation, clarity, and built-in presets, there is Adobe Lightroom. It has lots of great features for photo editing without the complexity of Photoshop. Best of all, thanks to the Adobe Creative Cloud, if you do want Photoshop, you pay a monthly access fee as opposed to hundreds of dollars up front. For example, you can take Photoshop and Lightroom for a 30-day free trial, and then pay for $9.99 per month. How to Create Memes Speaking of using your own photography, if youre a fan of memes, you can create your own with your photographs. Start by going to the all famous Cheezburger site and click on the Create link at the top right. To add a simple caption, choose the Add a caption option. Upload your photo, and then select it to add some captions. The result? Your own meme! Captions can help you turn almost any image into one that is relevant to the piece of content you are writing. The best part is people love them! I created one for a post a while back using a photo of my newest adopted family member a sweet little black and white kitten. It resulted in a lot of pins.

Descartes discourse on the method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Descartes discourse on the method - Essay Example From there, he reaches the point that as he could prove his existence from the fact that he is thinking and that this â€Å"I† or his mind is totally different from the body. Thus, he reaches the finding that this â€Å"I† will exist even without a body (Descartes, 2007). However, Descartes (2007) faces the dilemma that he has to adopt very distinct perceptions as factors leading to truth. Though it is possible to claim that things like sky, earth, light, and heat are all the delusions of an imperfect mind, it is not possible for an imperfect mind to develop the idea of a perfect God. Descartes points out that it is not possible to receive ones existence from nothing, and hence, there is a perfect Being upon whom he is dependent. Thus, Descartes reaches the conclusion that all the perfections in him and other beings are from God’s perfection. One reaches the realization that Descartes is going to deviate from the claim that in order to prove ones existence, one should accept it as coming from a perfect Being, that is

Entering the Out of Home Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entering the Out of Home Market - Case Study Example However, one must remember no matter how revolutionary or unique a product is, it is not an assurance that it will be successful when offered to the buying public especially if it is competing with lower-priced, strategically marketed and well managed products. Nonetheless, there is a high probability that MagicADs can gain an advantage since this technology has already been successful in the South East Asia market garnering the advertising projects of industry giants such as Sony Ericsson, Diageo, Coca-Cola, Adidas, Swatch and Unilever. This, together with a pipeline of innovative / unique products at various stages of development can give the advertising firm an edge in the 'Out of home' advertising sector. MagiqADs will still need to verify this claim by conducting an intensive feasibility study- one which does not only identify the competitors and market segments but also specifies the financial and technical requirements of the project. I assume this will be conducted as this the standard operating procedure especially for large scale marketing. Perhaps what MagiqADs can do is to launch a test run of its product and evaluate the response of the 'spectators' of the advertising medium.

See the dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

See the dis - Essay Example Those affected have their health state affected and boosting their activity by making their bones strong and health (47). Unhealthy feeling contributes to mental disturbance especially when the disease seems to fall out of hand. From my perspective, this selection is critical from the so far dangers associated with osteoporosis. Notably, this realization will go a long way in reducing the number of dependants, increasing per capita, and the general GDP. Alongside healing the disease and making the affected healthy, economic boost should be seen as a reason for customers to buy. This is of value since economic progress is key to every country especially when the progress has health backing. Health nation means a wealthy nation. To a potential employer, providing me with employment will play a critical role in contributing to the already realized company’s success. Of importance, realization of a product that seeks to heal a controversial disease means that as the product gets known to the public, the company’s reputation is promoted. The potential employer must understand that the company will get global with the product. Additionally, chances of other realizations are extremely high meaning that the growth of such a company is

Chinese Managers Leadership Style

Chinese Managers Leadership Style 3.1 Introduction Among various choices of research methodologies, this study draws on a framework within the qualitative research paradigm. The study takes an interpretive approach and adopts a data collection design of participant interviews. The purpose of this section is to introduce the underpinning philosophical arguments regarding methodological consideration and to justify the appropriateness of qualitative design to the context of this study. Supportive theories for this choice as well as the sampling methods, data collection methods, arrangements for interviews and the relevant research considerations will be addressed. In order to link the methodological choices with the study purpose, research questions will also be reiterated. 3.2Research questions The purpose of qualitative research is to describe, explore, and explain phenomena being studied (Marshall and Rossman, 1999). Qualitative research questions, therefore, often take the form of what, how and why, and are more concerned with the process rather than the outcome. As this study is to explore how Chinese culture, specifically Confucius philosophical doctrines have shaped Chinese leadership style, as well as how Western theories have exerted a profound influence on Chinese leadership in modern Chinese society, the research questions of this study go as follows: What are the main characteristics of Chinese managers leadership style in Public Sector in Tianjin? Given the above, to what extent does Chinese culture, particularly Guanxi affect and shape Chinese leadership style? In this day and age, how is leadership in China influenced by Western leadership models? What are the implications that Chinese leadership styles present for the future practice? As a result, the research methodology was selected and employed to explore the development of the topic to answer the above questions. 3.3 Methodological choice 3.3.1 Interpretive research tradition Among the three research traditions, i.e. Positivism and Postpositivism, Interpretive Research, and Critical Postmodernism (Gephart, 2004), Interpretive Research is generally considered the most appealingly applied by a significant number of researchers. This study takes an interpretive approach to understand the Chinese managers leadership style as perceived by their Qualitative research can be either interpretive or positive depending on the philosophical assumptions taken by the researcher. According to Schwandt (2000), qualitative research is a diverse term covering an array of techniques seeking to describe, decode, translate, and somehow come to terms with the meaning, rather than the measurement or frequency of phenomena in the social world. Interpretive research is a more specific term. Interpretive studies assume that people create and associate their own subjective and intersubjective meanings as they interact with the world around them. With regards to the epistemology, interpertivsts recognize that the way they make sense of the world is shaped by their goals, culture and experience (Creswell, 2003; Weber, 2004). Reality is viewed as socially constructed and cannot be objectively determined (Easterby- Smith et al., 1991). The foundation assumption for interpretive research is that knowledge is gained, or at least filtered, through soci al constructions such as language, consciousness, and shared meanings. In addition to the emphasis on the socially constructed nature of reality, interpretive research acknowledges the intimate relationship between the researcher and what is being explored, and the situational constraints shaping this process. Interpretivists believe that the researcher and the researched are interdependent and affect each other in their interactions (Gephart, 2004; Weber, 2004). Walsham (1995) indicates that interpretive research attempts to understand phenomena through the meanings that people assign to them. It does not predefine dependent and independent variables. Nor does it set out to test hypotheses, but rather aims to produce an understanding of the social context of the phenomenon and the process whereby the phenomenon influences and is influenced by the social context. 3.3.2 Qualitative study Within the field of social research there have been opposing views on how the social world can be or should be understood. Traditionally the positivist paradigm has been related to quantitative research techniques, scientific measurement and empirical findings (Silverman, 2000). However, recently research methodology is considered as a continuum between quantitative and qualitative designs with the approach adopted based on an ability to answer or add knowledge to a particular issue (Creswell, 2003; Miller and Brewer, 2003). According to Creswell (1994), a qualitative study is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting. Although a quantitative research method was useful in studying statistical differences among variables and factors for proofing assumptions, its limitation was the inability to fully reveal the underlying meanings people associated with particular activities or social process (Esterberg, 2002). In favor of this argument, Silverman (1997) further extends that quantitative research may overlook the social and cultural construction of variables as well as the attitudes and meanings behind the variables. Qualitative studies, though perceived to be complex, time-intensive, and sometimes fraught with methodological challenges, can be the richest of studies, often illuminating complex phenomena in radically new ways (Conger, 1998). They are responsible for paradigm shifts, insights into the role of context, and longitudinal perspectives that other methods often fall to capture (Isabella, 1990; Mintzberg, 1973; Roberts and Bradley, 1988). Qualitative research may take on different traditions or assumptions such as phenomenology, hermeneutics and ethnography. However, Mason (1996) indicates that there are three common elements that bind qualitative research strategies together: Qualitative research takes an interpretive position in relation to understanding interactions within a multi-layered social world; Data generation is flexible and sensitive to the social context in which data is produced; Data analysis that use explanation building which involve understanding the relevant complexity, detail and content of the subject matter. (Mason, 1996:4) Such an argument provides a strong theoretical foundation for this study regarding the interaction between managers and their subordinates in Public Sector in China. As a result, having considered these arguments, qualitative methodology would be useful in exploring the meanings and perspectives in this dissertation, because it permits an exploration of participants concepts of Chinese leadership, the interpretation of cultural effects on Chinese leadership style and the complexity of issues that contribute to the subject. 3.3.3 Qualitative leadership studies It has been widely held that qualitative research in the social sciences plays an important part only in the exploratory phases of a research. At this stage, the researcher knows about the subject he/she is to investigate, and his/her hypotheses are purely speculative. Once the researchers understanding gradually becomes well-defined, quantitative analysis can follow to refine and validate the hypotheses generated by the previous qualitative research. However, Conger (1998) challenged this assumption by arguing that in reality, qualitative research must play an important role on matter at what stage in the investigation of leadership topics. The main reason, he points out, is the extreme and enduring complexity of the leadership phenomenon itself. Since leadership involves multiple levels of phenomena, possesses a dynamic character, and has a symbolic component, quantitative methods, which are largely based on surveys in the leadership field, tend to focus on a single level of analysis such as behavioral dimensions (Yukl, 1994), and in turn overlook the organizational and environmental factors (Conger, 1998). Therefore, they are insufficient to investigate thoroughly phenomena as complex as leadership. In addition, other scholars have drawn limitations and narrowness of the investigation frame of quantitative analysis in the leadership study. For example, Phillips (1973) argues that quantitative surveys are usually influenced by social desirability concerns of respondents and only reflects behavior attitudes rather than actual observed behavior. Lantis (1987) also articulates that quantitative analysis is unable to measure interactions, which is a critical element of leadership. Qualitative methods, as proposed by Conger (1998), when properly employed, may render leadership studies distinct advantages over quantitative methods: First, more room to explore leadership in depth (Bryman, 1992); Second, the flexibility to detect unexpected phenomena during the research; Third, more opportunities to sense the contextual factors; Fourth, more effective to investigate symbolic dimensions (Morgan and Smircich, 1980). It is based on all these arguments, that this study adopts a qualitative method, trying to put into full play the advantages that qualitative method possesses in studying the Chinese leadership style in Public Sectors. 3.4 Interviews 3.4.1 Interviews as a qualitative method Based on the methodological discussions, interview was chosen as the most appropriate method of data collection for the research at hand. This method is the most frequently used qualitative method and recommended in situations where a detailed understanding of complicated behavior is sought and where detailed probing of the respondent is anticipated. Kvale and Birnkmann (2009) emphasize a qualitative research interview as a professional conversation focusing on an alternation, which occurs on the personal interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee around a particular issue or range of topics and on the descriptive data conducted through that interaction. Unstructured interviews 3.4.2 Semi-structured interviews In this study, semi-structured interviews were applied as a research tool. Semi-structured interviews form an important part of qualitative research (Cassell and Symon, 2004). In semi-structured interviews, the interviewer designs a general structure by deciding in advance what ground is to be covered and what questions are to be asked. This leaves the detailed structure to be worked out during the interview. The interviewee is given considerable freedom to express his/her views on his/her own words. This results in them raising issues and topic that the researcher may not have thought about as important for the study (Banister and Booth, 2005). The interviewer can respond using prompts, and follow-up questions to encourage the interviewee to clarify or expand on their answers. He/She can also react via facial expression and body language. This would allow the interviewer to innovate and give the interview a direction (King, 2004) and get explanatory answers for questions about peoples behavior and opinions (Saunders et al, 2003; Banister and Booth, 2005). This is one of the strengths of this kind of interviews. In summary, semi-structured interviews provide the opportunity for the researcher to probe deeply to uncover new clues, open up new dimensions of a problem and to secure vivid, accurate inclusive accounts that are based on personal experienced (Easterby-Smith et al., 2002). In semi-structured interviews, the application of probing is one of the most significant techniques. Probing centers on assisting the interviewee in continuing to speak his/her mind by the interviewer posing questions fully and relevantly (Cooper and Schinder, 2000). Patton (1990) identifies three types of probing techniques, namely detail-oriented probes, elaboration probes, and clarification probes. In this study, the elaboration probe is employed to encourage the interviewee to express more feelings (Patton, 1990). The interviewer took the initiative and encouraged the interviewee by supplementing questions like What makes you think so?; Can you give some examples?; Can you tell me more about this? etc. For semi-structured interviews, basic structures and frameworks are necessary. Before conducting the interviews, boundaries were drawn with pertinence to the research questions and research objectives. In turn, boundaries and framework also provide reference for the judgment of data to be obtained. Without boundaries and framework, the discussion can go on different track and become too general (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000). With boundaries set to the interview, the interviewer can not only maintain the exploratory principles through the use of major topic themes within the questions but also had sufficient flexibility to extend the boundaries of the original theme or to vary the sequence and emphasis of the questions (Corbetta, 2003;Kvale, 1996; Miller and Brewer, 2003). 3.4.3 Framing the interview questions Framing the questions for the interview is very important. The questions allow respondents to quantify individual experiences and convey the results or answers that are expected from the research (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000; Easterby-Smith et al., 2002). Silverman (2001) and King (2004) suggest that research questions should not reflect the researchers own presuppositions or biases. Saunder et al. (2003) also stress that the questions framed should not be leading or suggesting a restricted set of answers. The interview questions in this study include a series of open-ended questions (Appendix). This is because open-ended questions provide the opportunity to gather an authentic understanding of peoples experience (Silverman, 1999). Moreover, they also allow the interview respondents to talk freely and explain their understanding on Chinese leadership style and Chinese and Western cultural effects on framing such kind of leadership style. As discussed above, discussion on these questions may move beyond the research boundaries, therefore sub-questions have been framed to direct the discussion in the required directions. 3.5 Sampling Sampling for qualitative research seeks to provide explanations of attitudes and behavior rather than quantify their extent in the population. According to National Centre for Social Research (2002), qualitative samples should not be as large as survey samples or to be statistically representative. Rather, qualitative samples should be selected purposively to encompass the range and diversity present in the target population. Miles and Huberman (1994) also assert that qualitative researchers should work with small samples of people, bound by specific contexts, and studied in depth. In this study, unstructured interviews were conducted individually with five senior managers from five organizations of the Public Sector in Tianjin, as well as semi-structured interviews were employed seven subordinates of these managers. Therefore the sample size of the study is twelve. Additionally, nonprobability sampling, a non-random and subjective sampling method (Cooper and Schindler, 1999) is used for this research. Different from random sampling, this method allowed the interviewer to choose sample members as she wished or wherever she could find them. Another concept related to nonprobability sampling is judgment sampling. As one kind of nonprobability samplings, judgment sampling is used to select sample members to conform to some criterion (Cooper and Schindler, 2000). With the application of judgment sampling, people who work as managers in Public Sector in Tianjin were selected for main target samples, and their subordinates for sub-target samples. Since the study is to investigate the general perception of the leadership style in Public Sector in Tianjin, the sampling frame of this study is the public in general who work in different managerial levels in Public Sector in Tianjin. 3.6 Data collection 3.6.1 Data collection procedure The data collected for this dissertation has been obtained from a combination of both secondary and primary sources. The secondary data include a selection of variety of books, journals and articles. The primary data were gathered from a series of unstructured and semi-structured interviews. In total, 12 interviews were undertaken with interviewees form 5 organizations in Public Sector in Tianjin (Appendix). These multiple sources of data allowed the researchers to address a broader range of historical, attitudinal, and observation issues (Yin, 1989). Furthermore, multiple sources of evidences provided multiple perspectives of the same phenomenon. Participants in this study ranged from general staff to senior managers. The judgment sampling method employed here correlates with one of the approaches described by Mason (1996) in that it seeks to provide a detailed view of particular units; not with any intent to act in a representative way of the wider population but to generate theory that may be applied or evaluated within a broader context. Five senior managers form different organizations are researchers relatives. The close relationship, therefore, contributed to both fulfillment of the interviews and the in-depth exploration of the research. In addition, seven subordinates work with five managers respectively. Subordinates perception of their managers characteristics could enrich the performance of the research. As a result, this elicited 12 interviews that formed the database of this study. The five organizations from which 12 interviewees stemmed cover the following five sectors: Economy and Trade Commission Justice Bureau Department of Cultural Affairs Urban Planning Bureau Public Primary School Interviews were undertaken in June and July 2010. Among the 12 interviews, five with senior managers were conducted in their houses or the researchers house, and each interview lasted 40 minutes around. Others 7 were taped in interviewees offices, lasting 20-30 minutes respectively. Moreover, interviews were conducted in the interviewees native language (Chinese) so that the subject was able to express their ideas fully. All the interviews took place in a private and quiet environment with only the interviewer and interviewee present. All participants were made fully aware of the details of the study. The schedules were directly and respectively sent to all participants ahead of the interviews so as to confirm the researchers intent to record the interview via audiotape and to introduce the arrangements related to confidentiality. All participants consented to the using of the tape recorder during the interviews. Such pre-interview communication proved important, because on the one hand, it allowed the participants enough time to get into the purpose and questions of the interview; on the other hand, it played an essential role in requesting informed consents (Kvale and Birnkmann, 2009) from the participants, assuring them of safety, showing respect to their dignity, rights, and well-being. Especially when conducting qualitative research with sensitive topics, such ethical issues need to be a concern of the researcher (Malhotra, 2004), since there is much closer interaction between the interviewer and the individual examined (King, 2004) and usually more personal or sensitive information is shared. Therefore, the researcher had the responsibility to care for the rights and needs of the respondents (Kvale and Birnkmann, 2009). All this also supported the development of trust in the interaction of the interviewee with the interviewer to ensure that they would be as truthful and open about their experiences and feelings as possible (Easterby-Smith et al., 1999) 3.6.2 Data analysis As is typical in qualitative research (Creswell, 1994), data analysis proceeded in tandem with data collection. The interview transcripts served as the basis for the data analysis. After a general sense of the information gathered through reading the transcripts several times (Creswell, 2003), coding of the data was used to analyze the interviews. Coding is defined as the formal process of selecting all the usable material from the complete data collected (Fisher, 2004). To code the data, it would be useful to identify clear themes at the initial stage. Hence, themes that consistently emerged in the interviews were identified and the material was divided into chunks and allocated to the themes (Creswell, 2003; Fisher, 2004). This approach to data analysis has the advantage as it is flexible and can be adapted to the needs of the study while it still forces the researcher to take a well-structured approach to analyzing the data, which assists in creating a clear and organized account of the findings. Therefore, after the transcription of the interview data from the audiotapes, the data analysis was categorized into four theme sections. The process of coding and analyzing data was ongoing and continued throughout the formulation of the subsequent chapters. Therefore, codes remained open to modification until the end of the study and were modified and developed as the analysis proceeded (Fisher, 2004). In the analysis process, the method of direct quotations was used to illustrate informants responses precisely. Additionally, examples of contradicting arguments of the interviewees were included to ensure a balanced account of the data gathered. This enhanced the validity and authenticity of the research (Creswell, 2003; Spiggle, 1994). The presentation of the findings is structured around the main themes identified. Care was taken not to drift towards generalizations but keep in mind the individual experiences from which these themes were developed (Creswell, 2003; King, 2004). 3.7Limitations Undertaking any form of research regardless of methodology or study design takes the author on a journey that is often challenging and frustrating. A potential major weakness of the research method employed in this study could be the problem of bias. Bell and Opie (1999) suggested that interview as a qualitative method is highly subjective technique and therefore there is always the danger of bias. This is true because there is a strong possibility that interviewees might choose not to reveal all issues related to the research questions due to feelings of embarrassment or a lack of knowledge on the topic and confusion etc. The researcher may tend to seek out answers that support preconceived notions. This may not be deliberate but may arise due to the classification of information and the flow of analytical thinking. Such a bias may limit the scope of the available data in relation to the study themes (Miller and Brewer, 2003) and greatly influence the reliability of the data collected. However, as Gavron (1966) suggested, awareness of the problem plus constant self-control can help alleviate the degree of bias. Another challenge that this study was facing is the transcribing of data. Since all interviews were conducted in Chinese, transcribing from the record in the audiotape into English written words may easily involve errors. This may occur due to the misunderstanding or mishearing of respondents words or ignoring the emotionally loaded intonations. Moreover, the language barrier constitutes another problem. Although the researcher tried her best to maintain the authenticity and reliability of the data, the slangs, jargons, colloquial expressions and established phrases in one language may not be possibly given a parallel in another language. Therefore, all that the researcher could do was to try to avoid any interventions and misunderstandings during the interview and repeated respondents key points in front of the respondents so as to ensure that interviewees opinions were fully and accurately understood by the researcher.

A Smoother Transition for Transexuals Essays -- Transexual Surgery

A Smoother Transition for Transexuals Known to many as the last hurdle transsexuals have to face before they can gain access to sex reassignment surgery, the Real life experience (RLE), sometimes called real life test (RLT), is a process where the subject lives in their preferred gender role for a certain amount of time. Despite how many transsexuals see the RLE as an opportunity to match their outer appearance with their inner feelings, they sometimes overlook the challenges they may face before getting what they want. The expenses of buying a whole new lifestyle, the emotional drainage they are likely to face, and the periods of physical pain in hormonal change and cosmetic surgery are main issues that sometimes go unnoticed by those considering the RLE. The time spent as their preferred gender is expected to demonstrate that they can function in the preferred role. [1] Since 1979, the RLE has been part of the Standards of Care developed by the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA). Standards of Care created its sixth version in 1998 to further share the most current thinking of professionals of gender identity disorders [2]. The test is said to have originated from a 1974 pamphlet created by Reed Erickson, a wealthy female-to-male transsexual with the help of his personal doctor, James Lorio. Lorio suggested that Erickson undergo a six month to two year â€Å"trial† period as a male, thus developing the idea of the RLE [3]. The purpose of RLE, as believed by many clinicians, is necessary to prevent regret after surgery. HBIGDA is trying to balance the risks of achieving surgery too early in the transition process and the risks of delaying needed treatment. In the beginning, the HBIGDA Standa... ... liberating for some transgender individuals, many fail to consider other factors that come before reaching this goal. From the costly expenses such as a new wardrobe and surgery, to facing physical and mental pain, many look towards gaining the end result rather than regarding the steps to getting there. However, because of the RLE they find out early on if going through with the transformation is worth their time, money, and sacrifice. WORKS CITED: Websites 1) http://www.trans-health.com//displayarticle.php?aid=80 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_life_experience 3) http://vch.eduhealth.ca/pdfs/GA/GA.100.R229.pdf 4) http://wpath.org/Documents2/socv6.pdf Newspaper Articles 5) http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E6DF133EF930A2575AC0A96E958260&sec=health&spon 6) http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/04/fashion/04WORK.html?emc=eta1

McCarthyism and the Red Scare Essay

Have you ever had that moment in your life when you thought to yourself, â€Å"Why would he do that, or why would that happen?† Well, that is just what many people thought about McCartyism and the Red scare after that time period had passed. The Red Scare was a point in time when many Americans believed that the uprising of communism would be among them. These waves of the Red Scare happened twice, once after World War One, and the second time, which was more significant, after World War Two. During this time period many people were extremely afraid of communism, so the ideals of McCarthyism rose up. McCartyism was named after Joseph McCarthy, who was the Senator of Wisconsin at the time. Joseph McCarthy’s actions, as well as The House Un-American Activities Committee, and Congress were not justified. It was breaking people’s Constitutional rights, ruining many peoples lives and careers, and because they interrogated hundreds and thousands of people who didn†™t even believe that communism should exist in our country. One of the main reasons to prove that the actions during the Red Scare weren’t justified was because it broke people constitutional rights. During a speech Senator Margaret Smith of Maine said this inspiring quote, â€Å"The right to criticize; The right to hold unpopular beliefs; The right to protest; the right of independent thought.† Now, to some this might just look like a list of rights an American has. But to many, this is an inspiring quote of the things great about America and the things that McCarthy, Congress, and the HUAAC attacked. This shows that McCarthyism broke many of the rights that they as Americans had and deserved to keep. Another important reason why the actions of McCarthyism weren’t justified was that they ruined many people’s lives and careers. One group collected and published the names of people in the world of the arts and entertainment thought to be un-American in their politics (Picture seen in back). The most famous victims were able to successfully fight off such attacks, but Red Channels, radio stations, weren’t destroyed for many years. Red Channels reported on possible Communists and they faked information in order to keep their stations alive. These Channels ruined and/or harmed many people’s  careers. The last major reason why all this was not justified is because they interrogated hundreds and thousands of innocent people who didn’t even believe that communism should exist in our country. Refusal to cooperate with the HUAAC could ruin careers. If a witness refused to testify about past political associations, relying on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the witness would be cited for contempt of Congress. The government would then prosecute the witness for criminal contempt of Congress. Some people were convicted and sent to federal prison for several years. Mcartyism was not justified because it broke many constitutional rights, ruined people’s careers, and led to a state of panic throughout America. So next time your in a situation where you dont know what to do or what to say. Think about how it will affect others, not just yourself.

Computer Hackers Essays - Computing, Human Behavior, Culture

Computer Hackers.txt Essays - Computing, Human Behavior, Culture Computer Hackers The meaning of Hacker is one who accesses a computer which is supposably not able to be accessed to non authorised people of the community. Hackers may use any type of system to access this information depending on what they intend on doing in the system. Methods Hackers may use a variety of ways to hack into a system. First if the hacker is experienced and smart the hacker will use telnet to access a shell on another machine so that the risk of getting caught is lower than doing it using their own system. Ways in which the hacker will break into the system are: 1) Guess/cracking passwords. This is where the hacker takes guesses at the password or has a crack program to crack the password protecting the system. 2) Finding back doors is another way in which the hacker may get access to the system. This is where the hacker tries to find flaws in the system they are trying to enter. 3) One other way in which a hacker may try to get into a system is by using a program called a WORM. This program is specially programmed to suit the need of the user. This programme continually tries to connect to a machine at over 100 times a second until eventually the system lets in and the worm executes its program. The program could be anything from getting password files to deleting files depending on what it has been programmed to do. Protection The only way that you or a company can stop a Hacker is by not having your computer connected to the net. This is the only sure fire way in which you can stop a hacker entering your system. This is mainly because hackers use a phone line to access the system. If it is possible for one person to access the system then it is possible for a hacker to gain access to the system. One of the main problems is that major companies need to be networked and accessible over the net so that employees can do overdue work or so that people can look up things on that company. Also major companies network their offices so that they can access data from different positions. One way which is used to try to prevent hackers gaining access is a program used by companies called a Firewall. A Firewall is a program which stops other connections from different servers to the firewall server. This is very effective in stopping hackers entering the system. Tho this is not a fool proof way of stopping hackers as it can be broken and hackers can get in. Tho this is a very good way of protecting your system on the InterNet. Major Hacks Some of the major hacks that have been committed have been done by young teens aged between 14 and 18. These computer geniuses as they are known have expert knowledge on what they are doing and also know the consequences. Tho the consequences do not really enter there mind when they are doing it. This hack occurred on February 10, 1997, and again on February 14, 1997 Portuguese hackers launched a political attack on the web page of the Indonesian government, focusing on that country's continued oppression of East Timor. The attack was online for about 3 hours from 7.00 PM to 10.00 PM (Portuguese Time) at the web site of the Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. The hackers did not delete or change anything. The said We just hack pages. Another major hack that occurred was on April 1 1981 by a single user. This hacker who was situated in an east coast brokage house was interested in the stock market. SO he purchased $100,000 worth of shares in the stock market. Then he hacked into the stock markets main computers and stole $80 million dollars. The hacker was eventually caught although $53 million dollars was not recovered. On Wednesday, March 5 1997 The home page of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's was recently hacked and the contents changed. The group known as H4G1S. This group of hackers managed to change the contents of the webpage The hacking group changed the webpage and left a little

Investigation Completion and Analysis Essays

Investigation Completion and Analysis Essays Investigation Completion and Analysis Paper Investigation Completion and Analysis Paper Vaporization is a procedure where liquid is converted to vapor with the intent of dividing it from a dissolved solid or from a liquid that is higher in boiling point in experiments or probes on how to divide soluble solid in liquids ( Holland. 2005 ) . Vaporization technique was chosen for the experiment because it is easy and simple to put to death compared to other methods of separation such as distillment. 2. Distillation Distillation is an fact-finding technique used in separation of mixtures based on conditional and differences required to alter the constituents stages of the mixture. It can be applied in a mixture of liquids. and the mixture of soluble solutes and dissolvers like in this experiment. During the distillment procedure. the H2O is heated into the gas stage of the vapour go forthing the salts sedimentations. so condenses back into liquid signifier that is so collected. The procedure is so repeated once more to better the H2O pureness ( Porteous. 2010 ) . This method was obtained because pure H2O can be obtained 3. Crystallization This technique is a procedure of solid crystals formation from a solution. This technique is a technique of dividing solids and liquids in which transportation of solute from a solution to a solid crystalline which pure occurs ( Jones. 2002 ) . This method was chosen because pure solutes can be obtained. Alterations made. and justification for the alterations 1. In vaporization. I applied some heat from fires to the containers keeping solution of H2O and salt. I applied the heat to increase the rate of vaporization alternatively of go forthing it unfastened in the air and under the sunlight that is slow. 2. I used ice in the capacitor to distill maximal sum of vapour. Furthermore. I re-distilled the condensed H2O to acquire maximal dissolved salts once more. 3. In crystallisation. I left the crystallisation procedure to continue easy undisturbed alternatively of fast chilling. This was to forestall drosss from acquiring attached to the salts and besides to acquire bigger crystals. Wayss to guarantee the truth To guarantee truth. I ensured that the same sum of dissolver and solution was used in the three experiments. Furthermore. an equal sum of clip was applied on all the experiments to acquire accurate consequences. Last. I ensured that the salts and the H2O had no drosss that could impact their boiling points. Wayss to guarantee dependability Dependability in the techniques was determined by the experiments bring forthing consistent consequences. To guarantee dependability. I started with the vaporization method which the consequences were salt and H2O. distillment and crystallisation besides produced consistent consequences of salt and H2O. Ways to guarantee cogency Validity indicates the extent to which the applied technique in the separation procedure separated the constituents it was intended to divide. To guarantee the cogency. I ensured that salt and H2O which were the constituents of the solution that was to be separated were the terminal merchandises. The procedure requires a batch of heat energy which might be expensive. However. solar heat is slow and evaporates little measures of the solution. The method is suited in state of affairss where salt is the lone merchandise needed. However. aggregation of H2O vapour is difficultDistillation The distillment procedure desalinate H2O removes unsafe heavy metals like quicksilver. arsenic and lead. and the soluble salts that harden the H2O such as Mg. Ca and phosphoric. Therefore. it is preferred for distillment of imbibing H2O. However. this procedure is uneffective in separation of soluble salts that has lower boiling points than H2O such as man-made chemicals. chlorine solutions. weedkillers and pesticides ( Porteous. 2010 ) . Furthermore. it requires big beginning of heat which is dearly-won. Last. the distillment procedure strips H2O its natural hint elements ; hence the H composing in H2O additions and makes H2O acidic ( Porteous. 2010 ) . Crystallization The procedure is complex compared to the vaporization method. It is besides unsuitable where H2O is to be collected as an terminal merchandise. However. it is advantageous since pure salts can be obtained for use ( Jones. 2002 ) . B ) Suggestions of possible betterments Alternate beginnings of heat could be used such as the usage of solar energy to cut down high costs incurred in the vaporization and distillment procedure. Despite the fact that solar energy can non bring forth a high sum of energy needed to heat the big sum of the solution for a longer continuance of clip. it is the best cost-wise. Given that some dissolved salts have lower boiling points than the H2O hence hard to divide them from H2O. the boiling point of H2O can be lowered by take downing the gas force per unit area above the liquid. The distillment procedure strips H2O its natural hint elements. hence doing H2O to be acidic due to increased proportion of H. To avoid H2O being acidic. good salts can be added into the H2O for human ingestion such as Ca that is good in formation of castanetss. Mentions Holland. C. D. ( 2005 ) . Fundamentalss and mold of separation procedures: soaking up. distillment. vaporization. and extraction. Englewood Cliffs. N. J: Prentice-Hall. Jones. A. G. ( 2002 ) . Crystallization procedure systems. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Porteous. A. ( 2010 ) . Saline H2O distillment processes. London: Longman. Beginning papers

Is a Computer playing chess using 'brute force' unbeatable Essay

Is a Computer playing chess using 'brute force' unbeatable - Essay Example The computer intelligence and cognition is simply based on the several moves that are stored in its memory. It goes through all the possible moves and chooses the one with the best probability (Razmov V (2010)). The brute force method also tended to have a non evaluative advantage over and above the chess master Garry Kasporov. Human mind cannot record and evaluate all the possible moves in a given situation as it doesn’t have that much retaining capacity. However, after Garry Kasporov defeated the chess player Deep Blue, they refused for a re-match because they feared that Garry had understood their algorithm codes and approaches (Feng-Hsiung, H., 2006, p. 51). They did not want the world to believe that Deep Blue actually has no cognitive power or intelligence except for its highly fast processing power. Thus, the brute force method does not use any artificial intelligence or cognitive powers; it simply is a fast processing and evaluating method used by the computer chess player. It thus looks possible and realistic as Garry Kaporov was able to break the code of the computer and win against it. Chess News (no date)  Nettavisen: We have tested the worlds best chess program  [Online]. Available at:  http://en.chessbase.com/post/nettavisen-we-have-tested-the-world-s-best-che-program  (Accessed on 10

Prime Time TV Show - Greys Anatomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prime Time TV Show - Greys Anatomy - Assignment Example The basic ideology present in Grey’s Anatomy is a pro-feminist approach. The female doctors outnumber the male doctors nearly in all seasons. The major feminist character of the show is Miranda Bailey played by Chandra Wilson. She is portrayed as a strong and a dedicated doctor who is in one episode doubts her ability as a doctor so in another decides to build a free clinic. (Nicole). Also, the show avoids all stereotype issues especially since it has placed many of the black and Asian doctors in a respectable position in the show (Pierce). Clothes have been used as a symbol to show everybody’s position and personality in the hospital. While all the hospitals have one coloured uniform for every employee, in Grey’s Anatomy the situation is quite different. The interns wear light blue while surgical attending wears dark blue, doctors in nursery wear purple and OB-GYN wear pink while all the nurses wear light green which doesn’t bring them out in the mainstream as they rarely play any major role. Apart from this in several places food has been used as a symbol to identify the relationship status. For instance, Meredith doesn’t eat at Thanksgiving because of her troubled relationship with Derek and Izzy bakes excessively each time she is upset. While Grey’s anatomy enjoys appraisal by many it is also criticized for being a non-reality show. When questioned by doctors they laugh at the show saying an intern having a relationship with an attending is almost impossible and the part where Izzie puts her patient into danger by cutting the wire connected to his heart to make him sicker so he ends up having a heart transplant is a bit farfetched. Especially when the patient dies and Izzie doesn’t even get terminated. Another reality which was highly miss-presented was when Meredith rises from the death and ten seconds later starts talking to Derek (Frey).   Some of the popular Grey’s Anatomy sponsors were DatingDirect.com and Alpen bar, Weetabix's cereal snack and Volkswagen Polo.